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Although women constitute the majority of people with HIV worldwide, hormonal and reproductive biology are still not sufficiently incorporated into HIV cure research. Cisgender women, transgender women on gender\u2010affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), and gender\u2010diverse individuals assigned female at birth are underrepresented in cure studies, despite experiencing unique and changing hormonal states that influence estrogen signaling, tissue\u2010specific hormone exposure, and immune function. Estradiol, progesterone, and hormone\u2010based therapies, including contraception, GAHT, and menopausal hormone therapy, influence innate and adaptive immunity, inflammatory responses, epithelial barrier function, and cardiometabolic and neurocognitive pathways. These processes also shape tissue\u2010specific HIV reservoir formation and maintenance, modulate proviral transcription, and affect immune effector functions. However, most HIV cure strategies have been developed without systematically considering these hormone\u2010dependent mechanisms, which limits mechanistic understanding, broad applicability, and translational relevance. In this review, we synthesize emerging evidence at the intersection of reproductive endocrinology and HIV immunovirology, identify critical knowledge gaps, and propose priorities for life\u2010course, hormone\u2010informed HIV cure strategies. We argue that meaningful inclusion of women and gender\u2010diverse individuals is essential not only for ethically grounded, equity\u2010centered, community\u2010engaged research practices but also for the scientific rigor needed to achieve durable ART\u2010free virologic control and cure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:00:23Z","timestamp":1784214023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hastie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, UC San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Khetan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"LaMere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, UC San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley F.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institutes  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology UC San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Abelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine UC San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hektoen Institute of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis C.","family":"Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine UC San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"San Francisco VA Health Care System  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith D.","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine UC San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maile","family":"Karris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, UC San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Karn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreen","family":"Willenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zephyr LTNP Foundation, Inc.  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