{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:52:13Z","timestamp":1787701933286,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1164982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1164982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite major advances in biomedical HIV prevention strategies, almost 50% of the 1.3 million new HIV infections in 2024 occurred in women and girls through heterosexual transmission. Choice in HIV prevention modalities is needed throughout a women's lifespan to increase pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis uptake; however, there is a paucity of topical, on\u2010demand options. To establish HIV infection, the virus translocates across the epithelial barrier of the upper and lower female reproductive tract to infect CD4 + HIV target cells in the submucosa. The vaginal microbiome modulates this process. Women colonised with an optimal\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010dominated vaginal microbiota are more protected against acquiring HIV compared to women with a non\u2010optimal vaginal microbiota including bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterised by an overgrowth of diverse anaerobes and a paucity of beneficial lactobacilli. Optimal\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. produce \u223c1% lactic acid, which in women with a\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010dominant microbiota acidifies the vaginal pH to less than 4.5, inactivates HIV, exerts antimicrobial effects against BV\u2013associated bacteria, directly inhibits inflammatory responses elicited from cervicovaginal epithelial cells and blocks HIV translocation in vitro. Beneficial properties of optimal vaginal lactobacilli and\/or lactic acid can potentially be exploited in vaginal delivery strategies to help prevent vaginal dysbiosis and its adverse sexual and reproductive outcomes including HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:44:49Z","timestamp":1787067889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites on HIV Transmission at the Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Barrier"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna","family":"Jesaveluk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Discipline and Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-9106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Ellenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Discipline and Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8492-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna C.","family":"Hearps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Discipline and Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7733-7037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilda","family":"Tachedjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Discipline and Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/9789211544350"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70021-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224898"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-024-04503-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308577"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2023.1217835"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Expanding the Pipeline for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Compounds With Potential Activity to Prevent or Treat HIV and Other STIs","volume":"99","author":"Hemmerling A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061196"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Lactobacillus\u2010Deficient Cervicovaginal Bacterial Communities Are Associated With Increased HIV Acquisition in Young","volume":"46","author":"Gosmann C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"South African Women Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2018.0304"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00181-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01377-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004440"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573395514666180604084404"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2024.101398"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008236"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13136"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294-025-00054-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000852"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.1357"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1104423"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01942"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2012.12069143"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0320"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro729"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00122-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70156-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. L.Edwards S. B.Smith E. J.McComb et\u00a0al. \u201cThe Cervicovaginal Microbiota\u2010Host Interaction Modulates Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection \u201dMBio10(2019): e01548\u201319.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01548-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. S.Hinderfeld N.Phukan A.\u2010K.B\u00e4r A. M.Roberton andA.Simoes\u2010Barbosa \u201cCooperative Interactions Between Trichomonas vaginalis and Associated Bacteria Enhance Paracellular Permeability of the Cervicovaginal Epithelium by Dysregulating Tight Junctions \u201dInfection and Immunity87(2019): e00141\u201319.","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00141-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01183-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"E7 Oncoprotein From Human Papillomavirus 16 Alters Claudins Expression and the Sealing of Epithelial Tight Junctions","volume":"57","author":"Uc P. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. L.Nunn Y.\u2010Y.Wang D.Harit et\u00a0al. \u201cEnhanced Trapping of HIV\u20101 by Human Cervicovaginal Mucus Is Associated With Lactobacillus Crispatus\u2010Dominant Microbiota \u201dMBio6(2015): e01084\u201315.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01084-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12240"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011366"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Tyssen Y.\u2010Y.Wang J. A.Hayward et\u00a0al. \u201cAnti\u2010HIV\u20101 Activity of Lactic Acid in Human Cervicovaginal Fluid \u201dmSphere3(2018): e00055\u201318.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00055-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-009-0004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01899-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13478"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Sodora A.Gettie C.Miller andP.Marx \u201cVaginal Transmission of SIV: Assessing Infectivity and Hormonal Influences in Macaques Inoculated With Cell\u2010Free and Cell\u2010Associated Viral Stocks \u201dAids Research and Human Retroviruses14 Suppl 1(1998): S119\u201323.","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006247"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2024.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01303-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516541"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328351426e"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5627"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00381-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00260"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00164"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14390"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102467"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0667-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28237"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.570025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01074-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00467"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0465-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00983-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Integrative HMP (iHMP) Research Network Consortium 2019. \u201cThe Integrative Human Microbiome Project \u201dNature569:641\u2013648.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1238-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01936"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013594"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-200"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. S.Witkin H.Mendes\u2010Soares I. M.Linhares A.Jayaram W. J.Ledger andL. J.Forney \u201cInfluence of Vaginal Bacteria and D\u2010 and L\u2010Lactic Acid Isomers on Vaginal Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer: Implications for Protection Against Upper Genital Tract Infections \u201dMBio4 no.4(2013): e00460\u201313.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00460-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-023-00798-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00934-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00117"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","first-page":"A18","article-title":"Reclassification of Atopobium Vaginae as Three Novel Fannyhessea Species: Implications for Understanding Their Role in Bacterial Vaginosis","volume":"97","author":"Konschuh S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Construction of a Comprehensive Bacterial Genome Catalogue for the Female Genital Tract Identifies Hundreds of New Species","volume":"24","author":"Hayward M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JIAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14677-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01751-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.035147"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa703"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1307451"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00551"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-026-04908-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283060ea4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3819"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332604"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bacterial Vaginosis as a Risk Factor for Post\u2010Cesarean Endometritis","volume":"75","author":"Watts D. H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Lower Genital Tract Infection and Endometritis: Insight Into Subclinical Pelvic Inflammatory Disease","volume":"100","author":"Wiesenfeld H. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521628"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09285-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa762"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00626-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16430"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190199"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02323-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405404"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy762"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00932-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. N.Fichorova A. B.Onderdonk H.Yamamoto et\u00a0al. \u201cMaternal Microbe\u2010Specific Modulation of Inflammatory Response in Extremely Low\u2010Gestational\u2010age Newborns \u201dMBio2(2011): e00280\u201310.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00280-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00446"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00253"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. C.Borgogna M. D.Shardell S. G.Grace et\u00a0al. \u201cBiogenic Amines Increase the Odds of Bacterial Vaginosis and Affect the Growth of and Lactic Acid Production by Vaginal Lactobacillus spp \u201dApplied and Environmental Microbiology87(2021): e03068\u201320.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03068-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00502-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1367233"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001821"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac938"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29320-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae406"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30058-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0169-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005889"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13750"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01692-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62184-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112474"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Srinivasan M. T.Morgan T. L.Fiedler et\u00a0al. \u201cMetabolic Signatures of Bacterial Vaginosis \u201dMBio6(2015): e00204\u201315.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00204-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-071219-125715"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508888733"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47172-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0418-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107758"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115867"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080074"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.9.1809"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/181253"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt156"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1388-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-79"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. A.Cone \u201cVaginal Microbiota and Sexually Transmitted Infections That May Influence Transmission of Cell\u2010Associated HIV \u201dJournal of Infectious Diseases210 no.3(2014): S616\u201321.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu459"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-10-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125280"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_155_1","unstructured":"P.Ellenberg D.Tyssen andJ.Wilson \u201cInhibitory Activity of Lactic Acid Isomers Against L. iners and BV\u2010associated Vaginal Bacteria to Prevent HIV Transmission \u201d inAbstracts from HIVR4P 2024 the 5th HIV Research for Prevention Conference 6 \u2013 10 October (John Wiley & Sons LTD) e26351."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01337-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_157_1","unstructured":"B.Jesaveluk \u201cThe impact of the vaginal environment on epithelial barrier function and HIV translocation \u201d (Monash University 2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26180\/26888893."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1027-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16471"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad261"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224964","article-title":"Acceptability of and Treatment Preferences for Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis\u2014Topical Lactic Acid Gel or Oral Metronidazole Antibiotic: Qualitative Findings From the VITA Trial","volume":"14","author":"Ross J. D. C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/ZZKH4176"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00043-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00788-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915254"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2026.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246953"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1935701"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.919728"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00295-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.101037"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2022.0084"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_176_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis With an Acid Cream: A Comparison Between the Effect of Lactate\u2010gel and Metronidazole","volume":"21","author":"Andersch B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_177_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Effect of Lactic Acid Suppositories Compared With Oral Metronidazole and Placebo in Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"69","author":"Boeke A. J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genitourinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24966\/INID-8654\/100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1545-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0326-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3731-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02303-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321737"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2022.915948"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2026.106198"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0014"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.70312","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aji.70312","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aji.70312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:51:42Z","timestamp":1787662302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aji.70312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aji.70312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.70312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1046-7408","1600-0897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1046-7408","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70312"}}