{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:01:03Z","timestamp":1790690463903,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Rep Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Problem<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since the expression of MHC and TCR molecules in murine semen was correlated to fertility, the present study focused in humans and inquired whether the complementarity of MHCs and TCRs could affect sperm quality through sperm morphology and motility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method of Study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty sperm\u2010donor samples engaged in assisted reproduction processes were examined as to sperm quality and ability to fertilization. Semen was examined for membrane MHC class I (MHCI), class II (MHCII), TCR\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and TCR\u03b3\u03b4 molecule expression by immunofluorescence followed by electron\/confocal microscopy or flow cytometry analysis, while the presence of their soluble forms in seminal plasma was examined using ELISA. TCR\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010isolates from seminal plasma were submitted to SDS\u2010PAGE analysis and ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All samples expressed membrane and soluble MHCI, MHCII, TCR\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and TCR\u03b3\u03b4 molecules in spermatozoa and seminal plasma in a statistically significant one\u2010way ANOVA repeated measure analysis. The expression was localized in spermatozoa head accompanied in most cases by tail staining, correlating with coiled\u2010tail morphology. The distinction of samples into good\u2010quality fertilizing, good\u2010quality non\u2010fertilizing and bad\u2010quality non\u2010fertilizing sperm showed statistically significant difference of MHCI, TCR\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and TCR\u03b3\u03b4 in the fertilizing as compared to non\u2010fertilizing groups. Evaluating already known parameters, significant increase of macrophage\u2010migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in seminal plasma and decrease of nitric oxide were detected in fertilizing as compared to non\u2010fertilizing samples. Seminal plasma\u2010derived TCR\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      co\u2010precipitated with MIF, resembling thus T\u2010suppressor\u2010Factor\u20101.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results correlate polymorphic immune molecules in spermatozoa and seminal plasma with sperm morphology and motility, introducing novel parameters and research areas in sperm quality evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:09:54Z","timestamp":1790687394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of MHC\u2010 and TCR\u2010Like Immunoreactivity With Sperm Parameters in Human Semen"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Xystra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Crete  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7195-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theologia","family":"Morfoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Crete  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Antonopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Crete  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliki","family":"Anyfantaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crete Fertility Centre  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Vardaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Crete  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattheos","family":"Fraidakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crete Fertility Centre  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4762-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Athanassakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Crete  Heraklion Crete Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201019\u20100084"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blae100","article-title":"Mate Choice and the Major Histocompatibility Complex: A Review","volume":"143","author":"Yan J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)32667\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100897.1987.tb00148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102605.2001.00256.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010050193986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005926"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.Puellmann W. 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