{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:27:40Z","timestamp":1787160460893,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Zealand's Ministry of Social Development"},{"name":"Ministry of Social Development, the Ministry of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001532","name":"Families Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministries of Health, Education, Justice, Science and Innovation, Women's Affairs, and Pacific Island Affairs"},{"name":"Departments of Labour and Corrections"},{"name":"Te Puni K\u014dkiri (Ministry of M\u0101ori Affairs)"},{"name":"New Zealand Police"},{"name":"Sport and Recreation New Zealand"},{"name":"Housing New Zealand"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001598","name":"Mental Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008707","name":"Treasury","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine prospectively multiple indicators of pregnancy health and associations with adverse birth outcomes within a large, diverse sample of contemporary women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of pregnant women who gave birth during 2009\u201310.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled a sample of 6822 pregnant New Zealand (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) women: 11% of all births in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      during the recruitment period.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed a number of maternal health indicators and behaviours during pregnancy in relation to birth outcomes using multivariable logistic regression. Associations were described using adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three birth outcomes, low birth weight (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), pre\u2010term birth (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and delivery type, were measured via linkage with maternity hospital perinatal databases. Small for gestational age (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was then defined as below the 10th percentile by week of gestation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Modelling of birth outcomes after adjusting for confounders indicated patterns of increased risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBW<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      for women who smoke, have elevated pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), or with insufficient pregnancy weight gain.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was associated with maternal smoking, alcohol use, insufficient weight gain and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Risk of caesarean section was associated with having a diagnosed illness before pregnancy, elevated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , greater pregnancy weight gain and less pregnancy exercise. Number of risk factor variables were then used to model birth outcomes. Women with multiple risk factors were at increased risk compared with those who had no risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with multiple health risks are at particular risk of adverse birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T02:02:45Z","timestamp":1477447365000},"page":"16-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Maternal health in pregnancy and associations with adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron C.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Longitudinal Research \u2013 He Ara ki Mua The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Starship Children's Hospital Auckland District Health Board  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinusha K.","family":"Bandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatender","family":"Mohal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly\u00a0E.","family":"Atatoa\u2010Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Longitudinal Research \u2013 He Ara ki Mua The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis University of Waikato  Hamilton New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Inskip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohide","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.B.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Growing Up in New Zealand The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Longitudinal Research \u2013 He Ara ki Mua The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2009.01036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70240-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328359f131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-66"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318267ad67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.094268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Obesity update","author":"OECD Directorate for Employment Labour and Social Affairs","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278712462717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"New Zealand Disability Survey","author":"SNZ: Statistics New Zealand","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0157-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"NZ Food: NZ People. 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