{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:23:04Z","timestamp":1763140984323,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In New Zealand, haemoglobin A1c measurements are routinely offered at booking, preferably before 20\u00a0weeks gestation, to detect pre\u2010existing hyperglycaemia. A haemoglobin A1c\u00a0&lt;5.9% (41\u00a0mmol\/mol) is considered normal based on the reference range for the non\u2010pregnant population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine pregnancy\u2010specific haemoglobin A1c centiles by gestation and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a population\u2010based observational study of pregnancies uncomplicated by diabetes (pre\u2010existing or gestational) with \u22651 haemoglobin A1c measurement. Haemoglobin A1c centiles were calculated from data extracted from electronic laboratory and clinical records for pregnancies during 2008\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included were 6800 pregnancies, European 80% (5462), M\u0101ori 6% (415), Pacific Islander 3% (196) and 11% (727) \u2018Others\u2019 (mostly Asian). Haemoglobin A1c levels fell with increasing gestation, reaching a nadir at 24\u00a0weeks, a trend verified by longitudinal data from 112 women. The 97.5th centile for haemoglobin A1c in European women was 5.76% (39.5\u00a0mmol\/mol) at 8<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks, 5.70% (38.8\u00a0mmol\/mol) at 16<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks, and 5.65% (38.3\u00a0mmol\/mol) at 24<jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks. Non\u2010European women had both higher plasma glucose levels (although within the range considered normal) and higher mean haemoglobin A1c levels compared with Europeans; mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) difference in haemoglobin A1c in M\u0101ori +0.13% (0.05) (+1.4\u00a0mmol\/mol (0.5)), Pacific +0.20% (0.03) (+2.2\u00a0mmol\/mol (0.3)), \u2018Others\u2019 +0.10% (0.03) (+1.1\u00a0mmol\/mol (0.3)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The New Zealand haemoglobin A1c cut\u2010point \u22655.9% (41\u00a0mmol\/mol) for identifying hyperglycaemia in early pregnancy is greater than the 97.5th centile in European and \u2018Other\u2019 women. Utilising population haemoglobin A1c centiles adjusted by gestation may thus better guide management decisions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T11:09:12Z","timestamp":1509620952000},"page":"411-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antenatal haemoglobin A1c centiles: does one size fit all?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9181-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth C. E.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Williman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna E.","family":"Gullam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes in New Zealand: A clinical practice guideline","year":"2014","author":"Ministry of Health","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Course of HbA1c in non\u2010diabetic pregnancy related to birth weight","volume":"71","author":"Versantvoort AR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Trimester\u2010specific reference intervals for IFCC standardized haemoglobin A(1c): new criterion to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?","volume":"105","author":"O'Shea P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.064899"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"HbAIC in healthy, pregnant women","volume":"63","author":"Radder JK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00579-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.11010030.x"},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420010404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00279919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2012.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2002.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-014-0023-x"}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fajo.12738","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.12738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T05:12:14Z","timestamp":1695013934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.12738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.12738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.12738","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-8666"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1479-828X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-09-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}