{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:15:38Z","timestamp":1771463738623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>At\u2010risk small\u2010for\u2010gestational age (SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) pregnancies in New Zealand are identified using Doppler ultrasound; fetuses with Doppler abnormalities are considered growth restricted (FGR<\/jats:styled-content>). Low maternal placental growth factor (PlGF)<\/jats:styled-content> has also been associated with late\u2010onset FGR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Aims<\/jats:title>To investigate whether low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> at diagnosis of late\u2010onset SGA<\/jats:styled-content> identifies the same fetuses classified FGR<\/jats:styled-content> by detailed Doppler studies, and the association between low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> and adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Among an historical database of normotensive suspected SGA<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancies (fetal abdominal circumference <10th percentile) \u226532\u00a0weeks gestation, the ability of low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> (<5th percentile) to identify FGR<\/jats:styled-content> infants was investigated. \u2018Initial FGR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019 was an abnormal umbilical artery resistance index (RI<\/jats:styled-content>) or estimated fetal weight <3rd customised centile. \u2018Secondary FGR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2019 was abnormal internal carotid RI<\/jats:styled-content>, cerebro\u2010placental ratio and\/or mean uterine artery RI<\/jats:styled-content>. Development of hypertensive disease and adverse perinatal outcomes were compared by PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of 136 SGA<\/jats:styled-content> pregnancies, 56 (41.1%) had initial FGR<\/jats:styled-content>. Of the remaining, 20 (25.0%) had secondary FGR<\/jats:styled-content>, 17 (21.3%) low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content>. The sensitivity of low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> identifying secondary FGR<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.30 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.14\u20130.50), specificity 0.83 (0.70\u20130.92), positive predictive value 0.47 (0.23\u20130.72) and negative predictive value 0.70 (0.57\u20130.81). Overall, low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> occurred in 44\/136 (32.4%) pregnancies and was associated with gestational hypertensive disease (63.6% vs 15.2%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01), adverse perinatal outcome (34.1% vs 15.2%, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and very low birthweight (customised centile 2.2 vs 6.8, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>At diagnosis of late\u2010onset SGA<\/jats:styled-content>, low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> was poor at identifying Doppler\u2010defined FGR<\/jats:styled-content>. Low PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> identified pregnancies at risk of hypertensive disease, adverse perinatal outcome and very low birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T09:16:56Z","timestamp":1527758216000},"page":"89-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Placental growth factor as an indicator of fetal growth restriction in late\u2010onset small\u2010for\u2010gestational age pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngaire","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"De Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist National Women's Hospital Auckland District Health Board Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Benton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"von Dadelszen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's Health Kings College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McCowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.The Investigation and Management of the Small\u2013for\u2013Gestational\u2013Age Fetus. 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