{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:03:45Z","timestamp":1785888225802,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]],"date-time":"2018-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1078134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1078134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1103689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1103689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent miscarriage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content>), also known as recurrent pregnancy loss, is a distressing condition affecting around 1% of couples trying to conceive It can be very frustrating for both clinicians and patients as, despite intensive workup, no clear underlying pathology is forthcoming in at least 50% of couples. This leads to despair for patients and leaves clinicians at a loss for how to help. Desperation in both camps can promote the uptake of investigations and interventions of unproven benefit. The pathophysiology underpinning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RM<\/jats:styled-content> is incredibly diverse, involving areas such as haematology, endocrinology, immunology and genetics. During the seven to eight years since the UK Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists published guidelines on this topic in 2011, new evidence and guidance from expert authorities have emerged. Here, these important advances in this challenging field of clinical practice will be reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T04:54:58Z","timestamp":1541393698000},"page":"36-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Modern management of recurrent miscarriage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3104-0449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayden Anthony","family":"Homer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility Clinic Royal Brisbane &amp; Women's Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Fertility Group and Eve Health  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92159-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1552586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58382-4","article-title":"Frequency of factors associated with habitual abortion in 197 couples","volume":"66","author":"Stephenson MD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists.The Investigation and Treatment of Couples with Recurrent First\u2010Trimester and Second Trimester Miscarriage. Guideline No. 17 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0586-4568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-017-0016-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8166-5-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S100817"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181deba40"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-05-0416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38735.459144.2F"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129958"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.01.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00480-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-52"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-002-0378-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"CD008576","article-title":"Septum resection for women of reproductive age with a septate uterus","volume":"1","author":"Rikken JF","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590600604673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","article-title":"Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy complications: should we test?","author":"Arachchillage DRJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12771-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000173986.32528.ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c88918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-626739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","first-page":"CD004734","article-title":"Aspirin and\/or heparin for women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage with or without inherited thrombophilia","volume":"7","author":"Jong PG","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0719-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6865"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60304-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"CD008883","article-title":"Dopamine agonists for preventing future miscarriage in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and recurrent miscarriage history","volume":"7","author":"Chen H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00164-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew186"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13352"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4270-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31139-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60157-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2016.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep240"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Efficacy of intrauterine injection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) on treatment of unexplained recurrent miscarriage: a Pilot RCT study","volume":"18","author":"Zafardoust S","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1286315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.2.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(84)80164-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6924.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.188050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-018-0070-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.11.2868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31823c0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists.The role of Natural Killer cells in human fertility. Scientific Impact Paper No. 53 2016."}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fajo.12920","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.12920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1694725448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.12920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.12920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.12920","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8666","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-828X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}