{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1774685688280,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes in pregnancy may result in stillbirth or neonatal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This audit examined stillbirths of mothers with pre\u2010existing diabetes in pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIP<\/jats:styled-content>) and gestational diabetes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) to determine maternal and diabetic characteristics implicated in these deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify stillbirths occurring in diabetic pregnancies at Westmead Hospital during 2006\u20132017. Medical records were reviewed to obtain data relating to maternal factors, diabetes history, glycaemic control and cause of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 37 women (seven with type 1 diabetes [T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>], 11 with type 2 diabetes [T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>] and 19 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content>) who had 38 stillbirths. The leading cause of stillbirth was lethal congenital malformations in nine cases, followed by placental and umbilical abnormalities in six, intra\u2010uterine growth restriction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>) in six, and obstetric factors in four cases. Malformations were predominantly cardiovascular (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>7), musculoskeletal (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>5) and gastrointestinal (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>4). There was no difference in the proportion of stillbirths related to malformations between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GDM<\/jats:styled-content> groups (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.22). In the pre\u2010conception period or first trimester, all T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> subjects and all but two T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> subjects had HbA1c &gt;7% or there was no measurement. HbA1c was &gt;7% in 6\/7 T1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> subjects and 7\/11 T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> subjects at some stage during the pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stillbirth remains a problem in diabetic pregnancy in the 21st century. Lethal malformations, placental abnormalities and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> were the leading causes of stillbirth related to diabetes. Pre\u2010conception counselling and planning to achieve better glycaemic control in pregnancy needs to be improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T06:44:36Z","timestamp":1548053076000},"page":"561-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Causes of stillbirths in diabetic and gestational diabetes pregnancies at a <scp>NSW<\/scp> tertiary referral hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mawson","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Athayde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Institute for Maternal Fetal Medicine Westmead Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suja","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngai Wah","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Diabetes in pregnancy: its impact on Australian women and their babies;2010. 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