{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:31:56Z","timestamp":1779924716956,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>While pelvic floor ultrasound is commonly utilised in high\u2010resource locations, our understanding of pelvic floor characteristics in women suffering with obstetric fistula and unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears in low\u2010resource areas is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the pelvic floor ultrasound characteristics of Ugandan women suffering with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse, and determine whether obstructed labour resulting in obstetric fistula causes more levator muscle defects compared to parous women without a history of obstructed labour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective study in western Uganda assessing 82 women with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse with a pelvic floor ultrasound scan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic characteristics were significantly different, with women suffering pelvic organ prolapse being older and more parous. Hiatal area on Valsalva was significantly smaller in the obstetric fistula group (mean 21.45\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) compared to non\u2010obstetric fistula group (unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tears and pelvic organ prolapse; mean 30.44\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>); a mean difference of 9.0\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 5.4\u201312.6\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Overall, levator muscle defects were significantly more common in women with obstetric fistula (66.7%) compared to the non\u2010obstetric fistula group (44.7%) with <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.048; however, there were no significant differences in complete levator muscle defects between obstetric fistula (28.6%) and non\u2010obstetric fistula (23.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased hiatal area on Valsalva was noted in the non\u2010obstetric fistula group compared to women with obstetric fistula; however, there were no differences in proportions of complete levator muscle defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T22:53:27Z","timestamp":1559256807000},"page":"585-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pelvic floor ultrasound findings in Ugandan women with obstetric fistula, unrepaired fourth degree obstetric tear, and pelvic organ prolapse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8234-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University Nathan and Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Greenslopes Private Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital Brisbane Queensland 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