{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:00:15Z","timestamp":1781593215214,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1135843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1135843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Australia many hormonal contraceptives are not Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>) supported, hence the use of different formulations have not been quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To document the use of hormonal contraceptives and factors associated with their use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, online questionnaire\u2010based study of 6986 Australian women, aged 18\u201339\u00a0years, recruited by email invitation from two large, representative databases. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of use of hormonal contraceptives and associated socio\u2010demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 6600 potential hormone contraceptive users, 43.2% were current users. Most (63.6%) reported using a combined oral contraceptive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>) of which 30.9% were non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010supported anti\u2010androgenic progestin\u2010containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Use of long\u2010acting reversible contraceptives (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARC<\/jats:styled-content>) or an injectable contraceptive was reported by 26.8%. Education beyond secondary school, being Australian born, rural residency, normal body mass index, age &lt;25\u00a0years and nulliparity were significantly associated with hormonal contraceptive use. Women who reported polycystic ovary syndrome or acne were more likely to be taking a third or fourth generation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and endometriosis was significantly associated with intrauterine system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUS<\/jats:styled-content>) use. Third or fourth generation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> use was reported by 12.1% of obese, current smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated one\u2010third of Australian women aged 18\u201339 are taking a non\u2010PBS\u2010supported anti\u2010androgenic progestin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>, highlighting inequity in access to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> options. That hormonal contraceptive use is higher in rural areas is a novel finding and the proportion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LARC<\/jats:styled-content> or injectable use suggests that uptake in Australia is higher than previously reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T02:29:58Z","timestamp":1561688998000},"page":"717-724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Hormonal contraceptive use in Australian women: Who is using what?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Skiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakibul M.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. 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