{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:36:14Z","timestamp":1790703374201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of pre\u2010eclampsia vary between countries and certain ethnic groups. However, there is limited evidence about the impact of ethnicity on risk of pre\u2010eclampsia, beyond established clinical risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the association between ethnicity and pre\u2010eclampsia in Australia's diverse multi\u2010ethnic population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the ObstetriX database. We included all women with a birth between January 2011 and December 2014, at Auburn, Blacktown\/Mount\u2010Druitt and Westmead Hospitals in the Western Sydney Local Health District. We estimated the pre\u2010eclampsia rate overall, and by maternal ethnic group, defined by country of birth and primary language. We developed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) for pre\u2010eclampsia, adjusting for maternal age, body mass index, autoimmune disease, chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2), and multiple pregnancy. A secondary analysis was restricted to nulliparous women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 40\u00a0824 women evaluated, including 12\u00a0743 nulliparous women. Of these, 1448 (3.5%) developed pre\u2010eclampsia (range: Australian\/New Zealand\u2010born English speakers 735\/15\u00a0422 (4.8%); North\u2010East Asian women 51\/4470 (1.1%)). Relative to Australian\/New Zealand\u2010born English speakers, immigrants had a lower risk of pre\u2010eclampsia overall (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.67; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.60\u20130.75); as did the three largest immigrant groups examined: Southern Asian (0.73; 0.62\u20130.85), Middle\u2010Eastern\/African (0.55; 0.47\u20130.66) and North\u2010East Asian (0.33; 0.25\u20130.45) women. Findings were similar for nulliparous women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain immigrant groups are at lower risk of pre\u2010eclampsia than Australian\/New Zealand\u2010born English\u2010speaking women. Understanding why this is so may lead to better screening and preventive strategies in higher\u2010risk women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T01:33:30Z","timestamp":1570152810000},"page":"396-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The association between ethnicity and pre\u2010eclampsia in Australia: A multicentre retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad T.A.","family":"Al\u2010Rubaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Notre Dame Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Malcolm Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Statistics Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Westmead Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Auburn and Mount\u2010Druitt and Blacktown Hospitals Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Askie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Lord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Notre Dame Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The SOMANZ Guidelines for the Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy","author":"SOMANZ (Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pregnancy Care","author":"Department of Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12758"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000201978.83607.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Australia's Mothers and Babies 2016\u2014in brief. Perinatal statistics series no. 34. Cat. no. PER 97","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.923837"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"health.nsw.gov.au[homepage on the internet].NSW Hospital Peer Groups 2016. Available from URL:https:\/\/www1.health.nsw.gov.au\/pds\/ActivePDSDocuments\/IB2016_013.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"New South Wales Mothers and Babies 2017","author":"Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-100104165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"abs.gov.au[homepage on the internet].Australian Bureau of Statistics 2033.0.55.001 \u2010 Census of Population and Housing: Socio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) Australia 2016. Available from URL:http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/2033.0.55.001main+features100042011https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/2033.0.55.001Main+Features12016?OpenDocument"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"NICE quality standard 35. Hypertension in pregnancy","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2012.01475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413453112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01378.x"}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13069","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajo.13069","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T02:32:00Z","timestamp":1693967520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.13069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.13069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.13069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8666","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-828X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}