{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:34Z","timestamp":1787013814957,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"La Trobe University, Transforming Human Societies Research Focus Area Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is estimated that up to one in three lesbian, bisexual or queer (LBQ) women in Australia have children. In the past decade, it has become common for LBQ women to pursue pregnancy using clinic\u2010acquired donor sperm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this paper are to explore pathways to parenthood among Australian LBQ women in the context of increased access to fertility clinics and identify the type of clinical fertility services being used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper reports on female LBQ parents and expectant\/prospective parents who participated in a 2016\/2017 online survey of Australian lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) adults exploring reproductive choices, pathways to parenthood, conception method and use of clinical fertility services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half the children reported on by current parents (52%) had been conceived using clinical fertility services. When asked what factors influenced a parent respondent\u2019s decision to use fertility services: 80% indicated access to donor sperm, 41% indicated fertility problems. Of respondents who had accessed donor sperm, over half (57%) had used in vitro fertilisation (IVF) services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that use of fertility clinics to access donor sperm is common for LBQ women, including those with no known fertility problems, and that most women who access donor sperm conceive using IVF rather than intrauterine insemination. More needs to be known about the context and reasons for this, including factors that influence LBQ women\u2019s decision making on their pathway to parenthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T02:29:11Z","timestamp":1589855351000},"page":"610-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Use of fertility services in Australian lesbian, bisexual and queer women\u2019s pathways to parenthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6566-3214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Power","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociology, School of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe University Law School Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Health Law and Society La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Same\u2010sex couples in Australia, 2016 in 2071.0 \u2013 Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia \u2013 Stories from the Census, 2016","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Private Lives 2: The Second National Survey of the Health and Wellbeing of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender (GLBT) Australians","author":"Leonard W","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Lesbian parenting: issues, strengths and challenges","volume":"63","author":"McNair R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Family Matters"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9279-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Diversity, tradition and family: Australian same\u2010sex attracted parents and their families","volume":"6","author":"Power J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gay Lesb Issues Psychol 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