{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T19:48:40Z","timestamp":1769284120019,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Colposcopy has been recommended for all women with recurrent post\u2010coital bleeding (PCB) even if their cervical cytology or co\u2010test (involving oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and cytology) are negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the risk of cervical cancer and its precursors among women with recurrent PCB with negative cytology or co\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis of two cohorts of women with PCB referred to a tertiary colposcopy clinic. Cohort (1) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01846) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016 (cytology\u2010based screening) and Cohort (2) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0215) from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 after introduction of primary HPV screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1217 (65.9%) women in Cohort (1) referred with negative cytology, there was one cancer (0.08%) and 22 high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2\/3)) on histopathology. In Cohort (2), there was no cancer or HSIL in 83 women with negative co\u2010tests (negative for oncogenic HPV and cytology). False\u2010negative cytology after a negative referral cytology or co\u2010test was low with 2% of repeat cytology at initial colposcopy showing possible HSIL or worse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women presenting with PCB and negative cytology alone have a low risk of cancer and could have HPV testing before being triaged to colposcopy. We showed that with the assurance of a negative co\u2010test and the low likelihood of false\u2010negative cytology, these women could avoid colposcopy unless cervical cancer is clinically suspected. There is a need for a larger cohort study to substantiate our findings with more precision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T10:09:16Z","timestamp":1601201356000},"page":"952-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recurrent post\u2010coital bleeding: Should colposcopy still be mandatory?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey H.J.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology and Dysplasia Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmin L.","family":"Jayasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology and Dysplasia Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot J.","family":"Osinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology and Dysplasia Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia M.L.","family":"Brotherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VCS Population Health VCS Foundation Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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