{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1793316621610,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1151853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1151853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth is the greatest cause of death up to five years of age and an important contributor to lifelong disability. There is increasing evidence that a meaningful proportion of early births may be prevented, but widespread introduction of effective preventive strategies will require financial support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study estimated the economic cost to the Australian government of preterm birth, up to 18\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A decision\u2010analytic model was developed to estimate the costs of preterm birth in Australia for a hypothetical cohort of 314\u00a0814 children, the number of live births in 2016. Costs to Australia\u2019s eight jurisdictions included medical expenditures and additional costs to educational services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total cost of preterm birth to the Australian government associated with the annual cohort was estimated at $1.413 billion (95% CI 1047\u20121781). Two\u2010thirds of the costs were borne by healthcare services during the newborn period and one\u2010quarter of the costs by educational services providing special assistance. For each child, the costs were highest for those born at the earliest survivable gestational age, but the larger numbers of children born at later gestational ages contributed heavily to the overall economic burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth leaves many people with lifelong disabilities and generates a significant economic burden to society. The costs extend beyond those to the healthcare system and include additional educational needs. Assessments of economic costs should inform economic evaluations of interventions aimed at the prevention or treatment of preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1626410542000},"page":"55-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The health and educational costs of preterm birth to 18 years of age in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9983-7457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Service King Edward Memorial Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Modelling KPMG Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Petrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Medical School \u2013 Northern University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euan M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Safer Care Victoria Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarna","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Darwin Hospital Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika M.","family":"Skubisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott W.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Service King Edward Memorial Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Rynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economics and Modelling KPMG Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Arrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5507-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota A.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.11.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-93"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes. 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