{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T21:07:31Z","timestamp":1789247251309,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been increasing awareness that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes may represent a mismatch between ancient genetically programmed metabolic and reproductive survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices. In\u2010utero developmental programming of metabolic and endocrine pathways may play an important role in activating gene variants that predispose the offspring to develop PCOS when exposed to specific postnatal conditions. Postnatal exposure to lifestyle factors such as poor\u2010quality diet and endocrine disrupting chemicals may modulate epigenetically programmed pathways that result in the observed pathophysiological changes and clinical features seen in women with PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the developmental origins and transgenerational transmission of PCOS and the impact of lifestyle, androgens and endocrine disrupting chemicals on fetal epigenetic programming.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature was reviewed using Google, Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed databases. The results are presented as a narrative review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human observational and animal experimental data support the hypothesis that PCOS is an inherited condition that arises as a result of developmental programming of normal gene variants. It is likely that these genes can be amplified by in\u2010utero androgen exposure and activated by a range of postnatal lifestyle and environmental factors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have the potential to influence developmental programming of PCOS susceptibility genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current evidence suggests that developmental epigenetic programming following exposure to an adverse maternal metabolic and endocrine environment contributes to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle interventions, as recommended by the International Guidelines, have the potential to reduce both symptoms and transgenerational transmission of PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T13:51:11Z","timestamp":1629208271000},"page":"922-926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Developmental origins and transgenerational inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology University of Canberra Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice L.","family":"Gersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: a transgenerational evolutionary adaptation to lifestyle and the environment","volume":"39","author":"Parker J","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACNEM J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Diabetes mellitis: a \u201cthrifty\u201d genotype rendered detrimental by \u201cprogress\u201d?","volume":"14","author":"Neel JV","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1740001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007813"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Evolutionary and genetic antecedents to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"40","author":"Parker J","year":"2021","journal-title":"J ACNEM"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.32779"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Origins: Early Life Solutions to the Modern Health Crisis","author":"Prescott S","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0197"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000494899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"TeedeH MissoM CostelloMet al. International evidence\u2010based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome 2018. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2018; 1\u2013198."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0074-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116654992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0449"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17919-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13883"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573404811666150214004706"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"2829","article-title":"Placental characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Koster MPH","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0278"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1866-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0064-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemical exposures during pregnancy: dealing with potential, but unproven, risks to child health","volume":"37","author":"Bellingham M","year":"2013","journal-title":"R Coll Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160715133437"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3781"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1173"}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajo.13420","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T12:36:27Z","timestamp":1693226187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.13420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.13420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.13420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8666","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-828X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}