{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T20:31:47Z","timestamp":1772569907324,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suboptimal endometrial receptivity is a key factor behind in vitro fertilisation (IVF) implantation failure. Direct clinical tests of the endometrium of natural killer (NK) cells and endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) are controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the current practice of endometrial receptivity tests (NK cells and ERA) and immunological treatments (corticosteroids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, intravenous immunoglobulin, Intralipid, other) among fertility specialists in Australia and New Zealand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective 23\u2010item web\u2010based survey was distributed by email via the Fertility Society of Australia and New Zealand, between August and October 2020. Data were collected and analysed using Qualtrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 238 fertility specialists, 90 completed the survey (response rate 37.8%). ERA (48\/90, 53.3%) was most commonly ordered, followed by uterine NK (uNK) (36\/90, 40.0%) and peripheral blood NK (pNK) (12\/90, 13.3%). For all tests, the most common indication was recurrent implantation failure (RIF) (41\/48, 22\/36, 6\/12; 85.4%, 61.1%, and 50.0%, respectively for ERA, uNK and pNK). Of those that did not offer these tests, the main reason cited was insufficient evidence (30\/42, 47\/54, 68\/78; 71.4%, 87.0%, and 87.0%). A third of specialists offered empirical immunological treatment for RIF (30\/90, 33.3%): anticoagulants (28\/30, 93.3%), antiplatelets (27\/30, 90.0%), and corticosteroids (25\/30; 83.3%). The majority of specialists (56\/90, 62.2%) stated they had refused a patient request for endometrial testing or treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tests for presumed endometrial receptivity pathology are often used in Australia and New Zealand. Immunological treatments for RIF are commonly employed empirically, without strong evidence of their effectiveness or safety. Further studies should focus on education and clinical adherence to evidence\u2010based guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T10:05:02Z","timestamp":1638612302000},"page":"306-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A survey study of endometrial receptivity tests and immunological treatments in in vitro fertilisation (IVF)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violet","family":"Kieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology School of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne IVF East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7106-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lantsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology School of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne IVF East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2533-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yossi","family":"Mizrachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharyn","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology School of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne IVF East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4535-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Polyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology School of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne IVF East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan Tinn","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology School of Medicine The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne IVF East Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0773-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt056"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e328361429b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.165153"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-1112-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81439-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","unstructured":"NewmanJE PaulRC ChambersGM.Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New Zealand 2019.Sydney NSW:National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit the University of New South Wales Sydney 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12058"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) test: an unproven technology","volume":"2","author":"Ben Rafael Z","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","unstructured":"RCOG The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.\u2018The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Human Fertility\u2019 Scientific Impact Paper No. 53 December 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6153"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","unstructured":"FSANZ 2019 FSA.RTAC Technical Bulletin Number 11 \u2013 Use of Adjuvants in ART. Nov 2019.https:\/\/www.fertilitysociety.com.au\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/Technical\u2010Bulletin_Adjuvants\u201011\u2010FINAL.pdf"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"CD004832","article-title":"Aspirin for in vitro fertilisation","volume":"11","author":"Siristatidis CS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"CD004752","article-title":"Glucocorticoid supplementation during ovarian stimulation for IVF or ICSI","author":"Kalampokas T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab091"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa317"}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13466","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajo.13466","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.13466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T19:59:01Z","timestamp":1692993541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.13466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.13466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.13466","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8666","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-828X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}