{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:43:23Z","timestamp":1771458203887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Up to 30% of female infertility can be attributed to tubal abnormalities. Assessment of fallopian tube patency forms a component of the basic assessment of infertility. Tubal patency can be checked through hysterosalpingogram (HSG) under radiologic guidance with oil\u2010 or water\u2010based contrast medium (OBCM or WBCM), or hystero\u2010salpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) under ultrasound guidance with WBCM. Tubal flushing with OBCM has been shown to improve fertility rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the feasibility and tolerability of performing Lipiodol (ethiodised oil) flush concurrently with HyCoSy. To examine the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> sonographic visibility of Lipiodol vs normal saline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective observational study of patients with subfertility referred for Lipiodol flushing under ultrasound guidance between August 2017\u2013September 2020 at six private ultrasound practices in Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 412 patients who were referred for Lipiodol flushing. Of these, 86 patients did not have concurrent Lipiodol flush at HyCoSy performed due to strict exclusion criteria. Of the 326 patients who proceeded with Lipiodol flushing at HyCoSy, all cases were successful, with no cases of extravasation. There were no major complications. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> sonographic visualisation of Lipiodol was similar to that of the commonly used agitated 0.9% saline (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020; mean visibility score 4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study has shown that Lipiodol flushing at time of HyCoSy as a single procedure is feasible and tolerable to patients. Flushing with Lipioidol during HyCoSy is likely as sonographically visible as 0.9% saline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T05:55:03Z","timestamp":1655704503000},"page":"755-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lipiodol flushing under ultrasound guidance at time of hystero\u2010salpingo contrast sonography (<scp>HyCoSy<\/scp>): A retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5535-8750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillary","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dowthwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Care Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Mizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Ultrasound Care Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaa059"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Report of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network 2019","author":"Chow 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