{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:58:11Z","timestamp":1790258291872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent to which maternal transmission of primary dysmenorrhoea is genetically determined in adolescents and young women has yet to be determined. We aimed to assess heritability and associations relevant to primary pain syndromes using a twin family study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were young menstruating female twins, and their oldest sisters and mothers, whose families were registered with Twins Research Australia and previously participated in a twin family study of primary paediatric pain disorders. Questionnaire packs were mailed, assessing current maximum and average menstrual pain intensity, current pain interference with activities and retrospective dysmenorrhea secondary symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample comprised 206 twin individuals (57 monozygous (MZ) and 46 dizygous (DZ) pairs) aged 10\u201322\u2009years, eldest siblings (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038) aged 13\u201328\u2009years and mothers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0101) aged 32\u201361\u2009years. The estimated regression coefficient of the relationship between mother\u2013daughter and twin\u2013sibling dyads indicated significant associations for the measures of dysmenorrhea and supported heritability. Adjusted for age, the within twin\u2010pair correlation for MZ twins was generally more than twice that of DZ twins. Heritability estimates were maximal pain intensity 0.67 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>), average pain intensity 0.63 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup>), pain interference 0.57 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>) and retrospective symptoms 0.57 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>). Twin individuals with a lifetime (three\u2010month) history of iron deficiency and those with painless restless legs syndrome (RLS) were significantly more likely to have more intense pain associated with menstruation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young women was shown to be relatively strongly genetically influenced and associated especially with a history of iron deficiency and painless RLS which have potential therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T07:08:43Z","timestamp":1656313723000},"page":"725-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and young women: A twin family study of maternal transmission, genetic influence and associations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Aouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minh","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Jaaniste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. David","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Primary dysmenorrhea: an urgent mandate","volume":"1","author":"Berkley 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