{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:12:42Z","timestamp":1768644762304,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022955","name":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Mercia Barnes Trust Grant (21 \u2010 1)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Mercia Barnes Trust Grant (21 \u2010 1)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006346","name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternity services in New Zealand are largely delivered by autonomously practising community midwives. This model of care is unique and may result in differences in the distribution of maternity healthcare utilisation and costs compared to other countries. New Zealand\u2010specific cost data are needed to inform economic analyses, local policy and healthcare resource planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide estimates of the average total cost of maternity and neonatal healthcare for New Zealand women and infants, including cost impacts of multiple and preterm births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A whole\u2010of\u2010population linked dataset, including 262\u2009687 pregnancies resulting in a live birth (from 1 January 2016 to 30 June 2020), was created by combining several sources of healthcare data to calculate an average per\u2010pregnancy cost of healthcare, taking a public health system perspective, during antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal periods to one year after birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean cost of public healthcare was NZ$19\u2009795 for both maternal and infant care to one\u2009year post\u2010birth. The bulk of this cost was incurred during pregnancy and birth. Mean total cost to one\u2009year was NZ$69\u2009895 for twin and NZ$201\u2009448 for higher order multiple compared to singleton pregnancies at NZ$19\u2009098. Mean total healthcare cost decreased as gestation increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth were incurred during the birth and in the early neonatal period. Costs were disproportionately higher for multiple and preterm births.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These cost data can usefully inform policy and assist healthcare decision\u2010making around reproductive and neonatal technologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T05:54:14Z","timestamp":1733723654000},"page":"336-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The cost of maternity and neonatal care in Aotearoa New Zealand: A cost analysis by plurality and gestation using a population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karyn","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Te Toka Tumai Auckland Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Edlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH18209"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"554","article-title":"Financing maternity and early childhood healthcare in the Australian healthcare system: Costs to funders in private and public hospitals over the first 1000\u2009days","volume":"10","author":"Callander E","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.Maternity clinical indicator trends in New Zealand. Wellington. [Available from URL: Maternity clinical indicators trends (shinyapps.io)]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.National Maternity Collection Wellington Ministry of Health 2021. [Available from URL:https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz\u2010health\u2010statistics\/national\u2010collections\u2010and\u2010surveys\/collections\/national\u2010maternity\u2010collection]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.National Minimum Dataset Wellington Ministry of Health.2021[Available from URL:https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz\u2010health\u2010statistics\/national\u2010collections\u2010and\u2010surveys\/collections\/national\u2010minimum\u2010dataset\u2010hospital\u2010events]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.National Non\u2010Admitted Patient Collection Wellington Ministry of Health.2022[Available from URL:https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/nz\u2010health\u2010statistics\/national\u2010collections\u2010and\u2010surveys\/collections\/national\u2010non\u2010admitted\u2010patient\u2010collection]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"HISO 10001:2017 Ethnicity Data Protocols","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"NZDep2018 index of deprivation, final research report, December 2020","author":"Atkinson J","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Primary Maternity Services Amendment Notice 2020","author":"New Zealand Government","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Waitemat\u0101 District Health Board.Ineligible Patient Price List 1 July 2020\u201330 June 2022. 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