{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T07:09:44Z","timestamp":1784790584760,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Following the first report of use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 1992 there has been a consistent global increase in the use of ICSI to fertilise human oocytes in\u00a0vitro, though since 2016 there has been a small reduction in its use in Australia and New Zealand This consensus statement, developed by the subspecialty group in reproductive endocrinology and infertility, reviews the evidence underpinning the use of ICSI. It is concluded that ICSI is an appropriate intervention when there is reduced semen quality or if there is a significant risk of failed fertilisation, though the exact seminal parameters which predict appropriate use of ICSI are uncertain. ICSI is an appropriate intervention when there has been failed or poor fertilisation rates in a previous IVF cycle. ICSI may be used to reduce the risk of recurrent molar pregnancy, but the evidence to support its use after oocyte cryopreservation, in\u00a0vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM), prior to preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and when treating HIV sero\u2010discordant couples is lacking, and these are areas requiring further research. ICSI is not necessary in unexplained infertility when a low number of oocytes have been retrieved during the treatment cycle or when the female age is advanced if the semen parameters are normal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:49:37Z","timestamp":1775479777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indications for Micro\u2010Injection of Sperm in Assisted Reproduction: A Consensus Statement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9320-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Boothroyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Fertility Greenslopes Private Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVF Australia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Fertility Specialists of Western Australia and City Fertility Bethesda Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Embrace Fertility  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash IVF  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raelia","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne IVF  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash IVF  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Stankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Fertility Centre  Ashford New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf CREI subspecialty group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology in Australia and NewZealand 2020","author":"Newman J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92425-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00403-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.12.2676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1996.tb01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03178-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03377-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00535-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200306000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_4.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00530-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-018-0093-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2020.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05179-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03621-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01563-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfre.2024.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05515-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2006.00697.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1389-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.4.805"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v4.i2.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92495-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S139578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.8.2126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01990-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2013.822063"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Oocytes From Women of Advanced Reproductive Age Do Not Appear to Have an Increased Risk of Zona Pellucida Hardening","volume":"39","author":"Check J. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-015-0459-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1100370"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"The Role of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non\u2010Male Factor Infertility in Advanced Maternal Age","volume":"32","author":"Tannus S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4696-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-02026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02076-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0474-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-011-9614-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-018-1856-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgyn.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.02.053"}],"container-title":["Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.70108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ajo.70108","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajo.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T06:34:55Z","timestamp":1784788495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajo.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajo.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajo.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8666","1479-828X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8666","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-828X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70108"}}