{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T02:06:33Z","timestamp":1778983593795,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To undertake an economic evaluation of community water fluoridation (CWF) in remote communities of the Northern Territory (NT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental caries experiences were compared between CWF and non\u2010CWF communities before and after intervention. Costs and benefits of CWF are ascertained from the health sector perspective using water quality, accounting, oral health, dental care and hospitalisation datasets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remote Aboriginal population in the NT between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>CWF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Potential economic benefits were estimated by changes in caries scores valued at the NT average dental service costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the total 20\u2010year life span of a fluoridation plant ($1.77 million), the net present benefit of introducing CWF in a typical community of 300\u2013499 population was $3.79 million. For each $1 invested in CWF by government, the estimated long\u2010term economic value of savings to health services ranged from $1.1 (population \u2264300) to $16 (population \u22652000) due to reductions in treating dental caries and associated hospitalisations. The payback period ranged from 15\u2009years (population \u2264300) to 2.2\u2009years (population \u22652000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The economic benefits of expanding CWF in remote Aboriginal communities of NT outweigh the costs of installation, operation and maintenance of fluoridation plants over the lifespan of CWF infrastructure for population of 300 or more.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.13037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T17:13:04Z","timestamp":1694711584000},"page":"1017-1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Costs and benefits of community water fluoridation in remote Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-4503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuejen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Northern Territory Casuarina Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Raymond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Northern Territory Casuarina Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Chondur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Northern Territory Casuarina Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power and Water Corporation, Northern Territory Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Gadd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power and Water Corporation, Northern Territory Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Bailie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Northern Territory Casuarina Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Inadequate or excess fluoride: a major public health concern","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Water fluoridation and human health in Australia: questions and answers","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Oral health and dental care in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084420939040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary.2022[cited 2022 Jul 1]. 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