{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:29:34Z","timestamp":1787855374826,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Commercial tobacco use was systematically embedded as a valuable commodity through colonisation that continues to be exploited for profit by the Tobacco Industry. There have been significant declines in current smoking prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 18\u2009years and over, from 55% in 1994 to 43% in 2018\u20132019. This paper seeks to better understand smoke\u2010free behaviours, and to systematically quantify associations between a range of SDOH and non\u2010smoking\/never\u2010smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (\u226518) living in regional Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the social determinants of health (SDOH) related to non\u2010 and never\u2010smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in regional Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of the NATSIHS, weighted to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adult population living in regional Australia, was conducted. Participants were characterised as people who were current smokers, never\u2010smokers and non\u2010smokers (ex\u2010 and never\u2010smokers). The social determinants of health exposures related to socioeconomic position, well\u2010being and access to healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional Australia is distinct from urban and remote areas, based on the ASGS Remoteness Structure (ABS) 2018\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (\u226518\u2009years) who were selected, consented and asked questions about smoking in the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (NATSIHS 2018\/19).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High income was associated with non\u2010smoking (Prevalence Ratio [PR]\u2009=\u20092.07; 95% CI: 1.66\u20132.57) and never\u2010smoking (PR\u2009=\u20092.02; 1.46\u20132.79), as was completing year 10 (non\u2010smoking PR\u2009=\u20091.34; 1.12\u20131.61 and never\u2010smoking PR\u2009=\u20091.56; 1.20\u20132.03). Better food security was associated with a higher prevalence of never\u2010smoking (PR\u2009=\u20092.42; 1.48\u20133.98). Lower psychological distress scores were associated with non\u2010smoking (PR\u2009=\u20091.30; 1.10\u20131.53) and never\u2010smoking (PR\u2009=\u20091.56; 1.21\u20132.01). Never\u2010smoking was more frequent in participants reporting no experiences of unfair treatment (PR\u2009=\u20091.59; 1.22\u20132.06). Having a usual healthcare provider was associated with non\u2010smoking (PR\u2009=\u20091.38; 1.02\u20131.86). Positive exposure to the SDOH were associated with non\u2010 and never\u2010smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in regional Australia. Structural and systemic changes to address the SDOH, including discrimination and racism, are expected to accelerate non\u2010smoking behaviours and improve health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.13084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T03:10:36Z","timestamp":1708139436000},"page":"275-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The social determinants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who do not smoke in regional Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Heris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben Z.","family":"Caudell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden M.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makayla\u2010May","family":"Brinckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle  Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubijayne","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle  Callaghan New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute  Newcastle New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Whop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Calma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant to the Commonwealth Department of Health  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2770-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raglan","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University College of Health and Medicine  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of tobacco use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples","volume":"20","author":"Colonna E","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Indig Health Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60827-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Profile of Indigenous Australians 2021. 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