{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:59:24Z","timestamp":1789516764198,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yellow fever is caused by an RNA flavivirus. Immunisation in conjunction with vector control is at the forefront of yellow fever control and elimination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review describes the impact and importance of yellow fever vaccinations for northern Australian health practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Selected key policies, studies and medical guidelines are reviewed and presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Finding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Large yellow fever outbreaks, associated with vector spread, have occurred in the last decade in Africa and South America, increasing the risk of international spread of the virus. Mobile populations, like travellers or migrant workers, continue to be at risk of yellow fever. Quality assurance, including yellow fever centre accreditation and initiatives to decrease fraudulent yellow fever vaccination documentation, has evolved in the past few years. Fractional dosing of yellow fever vaccines has been shown to provide protection for 1 year in outbreak scenarios, but further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although Australia is yellow fever\u2010free, the disease could be introduced by viraemic persons as a competent\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito vector is present in northern Australia. In addition to surveillance and vector control, health education and yellow fever vaccination remain the best lines of defence. In the event of an outbreak, a response via fractional dosing could prove to be effective in controlling the virus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Health care providers in northern Australia should be aware of the risks of yellow fever and its introduction to northern Australia and be able to discuss vaccination status with their clients when needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.13101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T08:48:22Z","timestamp":1710924502000},"page":"455-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Yellow fever \u2013 An old foe with new developments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4943-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Grahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University  Townsville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University  Townsville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University  Townsville Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization.Yellow fever \u2013 PAHO\/WHO. Available from:https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/topics\/yellow\u2010fever(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Smart Traveller.Infectious diseases. Available from:https:\/\/www.smartraveller.gov.au\/before\u2010you\u2010go\/health\/diseases(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination.2022Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/countries\u2010with\u2010risk\u2010of\u2010yellow\u2010fever\u2010transmission\u2010and\u2010countries\u2010requiring\u2010yellow\u2010fever\u2010vaccination\u2010(november\u20102022)(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30170-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control.Yellow fever CDC yellow book 2024. Available from:https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/yellowbook\/2024\/infections\u2010diseases\/yellow\u2010fever(accessed 10 July 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00016-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.Yellow fever \u2013 surveillance case definition.2022Available from:https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/yellow\u2010fever\u2010surveillance\u2010case\u2010definition?language=en(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Yellow fever. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/yellow\u2010fever(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051331"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"Parliament of Australia.Chapter\u00a06 international health regulations. Available from:https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/Parliamentary_Business\/Committees\/Joint\/Completed_Inquiries\/jsct\/20june2006\/chapter6(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forrestry.The biosecurity act 2015 \u2013 DAFF.2015Available from:https:\/\/www.agriculture.gov.au\/biosecurity\u2010trade\/policy\/legislation\/biosecurity\u2010legislation(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine.Yellow fever vaccination course event details. Available from:https:\/\/mycollege.acrrm.org.au\/search\/find\u2010online\u2010learning\/details?id=22729(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.Individual training requirement for yellow fever vaccination providers.2023Available from:https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/individual\u2010training\u2010requirement\u2010for\u2010yellow\u2010fever\u2010vaccination\u2010providers?language=en(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.National guidelines for yellow fever vaccination centres and providers. Available from:https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/national\u2010guidelines\u2010for\u2010yellow\u2010fever\u2010vaccination\u2010centres\u2010and\u2010providers?language=en(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-0205-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Vaccines and vaccination against yellow fever: WHO Position Paper.2013Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\u2010detail\u2010redirect\/who\u2010wer8827(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization PAGnet.New yellow fever vaccination requirements for travellers.2016Available from:https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/pagnet\/?q=fr\/content\/new\u2010yellow\u2010fever\u2010vaccination\u2010requirements\u2010travellers(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-019-0056-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.836320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Yellow fever.The Australian Immunisation Handbook.2022Available from:https:\/\/immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au\/contents\/vaccine\u2010preventable\u2010diseases\/yellow\u2010fever(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"Prequalified vaccines.WHO \u2013 Prequalification of medical products (IVDs Medicines Vaccines and Immunization Devices Vector Control).2019Available from:https:\/\/extranet.who.int\/pqweb\/vaccines\/prequalified\u2010vaccines(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6617e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","unstructured":"Sanofi.Press room \u2013 press statements. Available from:https:\/\/www.news.sanofi.us\/2020\u201012\u201021\u2010YF\u2010VAX\u2010R\u2010VACCINE\u2010SUPPLY\u2010UPDATE\u2010STAMARIL\u2010R\u2010IMPORTATION(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/puh2.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31670-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","unstructured":"Yellow Card Nigeria.Yellow card login page. Available from:https:\/\/www.yellowcardnigeria.com\/(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"International Travel Vaccination Centre.About yellow fever. Available from:https:\/\/travelvaccines.com.au\/Specialised\u2010Vaccinations\/yellow\u2010fever\u2010vaccination.html(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1805786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1804.110968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1406800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1710430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Yellow fever vaccine: WHO position on the use of fractional doses.2017Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\u2010detail\u2010redirect\/who\u2010wer9225(accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2903.220632"}],"container-title":["Australian Journal of Rural Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajr.13101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T06:13:31Z","timestamp":1728022411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajr.13101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajr.13101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajr.13101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1038-5282","1440-1584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1038-5282","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}