{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T12:10:02Z","timestamp":1756296602121,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the recent incidence of paediatric Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Far North Queensland and associated co\u2010occurring clinical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric inpatient unit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients admitted to Hospital under 14\u2009years of age meeting diagnostic criteria for APSGN between January 2015 and January 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single centre, retrospective observational analysis. Data and clinical information was extracted from electronic medical records. Case definitions were as specified in the Northern Territory guidelines for APSGN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>APSGN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200961) or probable APSGN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) was found in 65 of the 86 identified cases. Fifty\u2010five APSGN cases were identified as being Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander, with the remaining 10 cases identifying as other ethnic groups. Mean annual incidence (0\u201314\u2009years) was 27\/100\u2009000 person years. Aboriginal and\/or Torres Strait Islander population incidence was 104\/100\u2009000 person years. Recurrent skin infection was noted in the majority of cases. Nineteen cases were lost to follow up; of these, 15 were from rural regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high incidence of childhood APSGN is present in Far North Queensland, with First nation's children overrepresented. This further adds to the national body of data on the disease, highlighting the necessity of an amplified response addressing the disease burden of group A Streptococcus and its main drivers, social disadvantage and remoteness. There is a need for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of the chronic sequelae of APSGN. Opportunities exist to amalgamate follow\u2010up practices across the region, and there is a need to enact reporting of the disease in Queensland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T12:09:07Z","timestamp":1753099747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Far North Queensland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2715-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercy","family":"Nderitu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service  Cairns Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Health Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Volkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perth Children's Hospital  Nedlands Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations","author":"Sanyahumbi A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12568"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14263"},{"volume-title":"Profile of First Nations People","year":"2024","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00400"},{"volume-title":"Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Australia","year":"2019","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2020.1830083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2021.112244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"869","volume-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations","author":"Rodriguez\u2010Iturbe B.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Graham C.Taunton J.Neville andA.Hempenstall \u201cImproving Public Health Surveillance Systems for Acute Post\u2010Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in Far North Queensland Australia \u201dPoster Session Presented at: 17th World Congress on Public Health 2023.","DOI":"10.18332\/popmed\/163897"},{"volume-title":"Northern Territory Guidelines for Acute Post\u2010Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis 2010","year":"2010","author":"Northern Territory Government","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics \u201cCairns 2016 Census \u201dAustralian Bureau of Statistics 2016 accessed July 30 2023 https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/census\/find\u2010census\u2010data\/quickstats\/2016\/306."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Aged Care \u201cRural Remote and Metropolitan Area \u201dAustralian Government 2021 accessed August 7 2024 https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/topics\/rural\u2010health\u2010workforce\/classifications\/rrma."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac346"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Cairns and Hinterland: Hospital and Health Service \u201cOur Local Health Needs\u2014LANA Report 2022 \u201dCairns and Hinterland Health Service 2022 accessed July 30 2023 https:\/\/www.cairns\u2010hinterland.health.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0024\/119634\/LANA\u2010Report\u20102022.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467\u2010023\u201006000\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-1086-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP83S075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14221\/aihjournal.v4n2.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"Queensland Government: Queensland Health \u201cNotifiable Conditions Annual Reporting \u201dQueensland Government 2024 accessed September 24 2024 https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/clinical\u2010practice\/guidelines\u2010procedures\/diseases\u2010infection\/surveillance\/reports\/notifiable\/annual."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"Queensland Government: Queensland Health \u201cAcute Post\u2010Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis \u201dQueensland Government 2024 accessed April 22 2025 https:\/\/www.health.qld.gov.au\/cdcg\/index\/acute\u2010post\u2010streptococcal\u2010glomerulonephritis\u2010apsgn."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20105247(23)00404\u20104"}],"container-title":["Australian Journal of Rural Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ajr.70069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:52:57Z","timestamp":1756295577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ajr.70069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ajr.70069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajr.70069","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1038-5282","1440-1584"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1038-5282"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1440-1584"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70069"}}