{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T09:33:14Z","timestamp":1778578394010,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001769","name":"Charles Sturt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Explore Parkinson's Disease (PD) related prescription patterns for people with PD living in metropolitan and non\u2010metropolitan areas of New South Wales, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exploratory, cross\u2010sectional data linkage study. Participants were grouped according to geographic location and by age group: metropolitan or non\u2010metropolitan; rural, regional, and remote. Prescription patterns were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data was linked to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) records (2004\u20132017) for all participants with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective data exploration and analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1648 participants who self\u2010identified as having PD and voluntarily contributed to the 45 and Up longitudinal study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Statistical comparisons based on location were undertaken for the different groupings for PD\u2010specific medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences in the proportions of PD\u2010related medications are observed between locations. Significant differences in the proportions of PD\u2010related medications are observed between locations. A higher proportion of levodopa and levodopa combinations is reported for major cities (75.5%) compared with the inner region (70.3%) and outer and remote regions (74.1%). Additionally, other PD\u2010related medications in the non\u2010metropolitan areas are proportionally higher than those reported for major cities. Analysis by age groups suggests large effect sizes for the 75\u201379 and 45\u201349 age groups, while medium and small effect sizes are reported for the 55\u201359 and 70\u201374 age groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inequities with best practice medication treatment for PD exist between metropolitan and non\u2010metropolitan areas of NSW. Efforts are required to successfully bridge gaps. Upskilling GPs may provide one way to optimise therapy and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:19:21Z","timestamp":1758629961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing Parkinson's Disease Medications Categorised by Location in New South Wales, Australia: Linking the 45 and Up Study and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (\n                    <scp>PBS<\/scp>\n                    ) Data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7073-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Logan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health Charles Sturt University  Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7238-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S.","family":"Micalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health Charles Sturt University  Bathurst New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt Univesity, Port Macquarie, New South Wales  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-605X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanna","family":"Fealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry and Medical Science, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt Univesity, Port Macquarie, New South Wales  Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Health Ageing Well in Rural and Regional Australia Research Group, Charles Sturt University  Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marguerite","family":"Bramble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Health Charles Sturt University  Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Science Charles Sturt University  Bathurst New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Deloitte Access Economics \u201cLiving With Parkinson's Disease an Updated Economic Analysis 2014 \u201d2015 Deloitte Access Economics Pty. 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