{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:18:38Z","timestamp":1784164718289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013816","name":"Cooperative Research Centre for Developing Northern Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian J Rural Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To outline key criteria when choosing how to measure remote area primary health care workers' retention preferences and compare six different methodological approaches against these criteria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Context<\/jats:title>\n Australians living in remote communities experience poorer health outcomes. Many health services serving remote populations have persistent workforce shortages, high staff turnover and short retention which adversely affect access to timely, appropriate health care, care continuity and cultural appropriateness of care. Improved understanding of staff preferences for different retention initiatives could inform initiatives to improve workforce stability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Approach<\/jats:title>\n Measuring the preferences of remote primary health care staff is complex. Key criteria to guide methodology choice include: i) logistical considerations related to geographical remoteness, ii) diversity of primary care staff, iii) minimising participants' cognitive load and time required for data collection, iv) ability to quantify preferences, v) appropriateness of methodologies for staff from different socio\u2010cultural backgrounds, vi) minimising bias, and vii) making trade\u2010offs given limited resources for implementing retention incentives. Six different methodological approaches are compared: Rating, Ranking, Best Worst Scaling (BWS) Object Case, BWS Profile Case, BWS Multi\u2010profile Case and conventional Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The comparison of different methodologies reveals the advantages of using a BWS Object Case methodological approach for measuring primary health care service workers' preferences in remote primary health care settings. Importantly, this paper demonstrates how the quantified results from BWS object case analysis can be translated into actionable retention initiatives designed to retain remote area health workers, given ongoing budget constraints and the need to ensure cultural appropriateness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n What is already known on this subject?\n \n \n Remote Australian health services have been persistently impacted by high turnover of health care staff.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Stated preference survey methods have only been occasionally applied in health research in high income countries to understand health care workers' preferences in remote settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Different methodological approaches have a range of strengths and weaknesses which may make them more or less suitable for use in remote settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n \n What does this study add?\n \n \n This study compares a range of methodological approaches that could be used to measure remote primary health care service staff members' preferences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n A rationale is provided for using a Best\u2010Worst Scaling Object Case methodological approach for measuring primary health care service staff members' preferences in remote Aboriginal health care settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.70170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:25:22Z","timestamp":1774675522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantifying Staff Preferences for Workforce Retention Strategies in Remote Australian Primary Health Care Services"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-6696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanda Kaji","family":"Budhathoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Rural Health Monash University Bendigo Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supriya","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leander","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pintupi Homelands Health Service Aboriginal Corporation Kintore Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ramjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Territory Department of Health Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna\u2010Maree","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMS Research & Evaluation Consulting Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karrina","family":"DeMasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australia Health, Department for Health and Wellbeing Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Territory Department of Health Darwin Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristal","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Alice Springs Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) \u201cWHO Guideline on Health Workforce Development Attraction Recruitment and Retention in Rural and Remote Areas: World Health Organization \u201d(2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32141-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"J.Humphreys J.Wakerman D.Pashen andP.Buykx \u201cRetention Strategies and Incentives for Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas: What Works?\u201d(Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute (APHCRI):2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH17262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21040482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X686101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960\u2010024\u201000942\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960\u2010019\u20100432\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12799"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.070607"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) \u201cIncreasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas Through Improved Retention: Global Policy Recommendations: World Health Organization 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