{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1767979352062,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Following allergen exposure, cytokines and other pro\u2010inflammatory signals play an important role in the immunological cascade leading to allergic sensitization. Inflammasomes sense exogenous and endogenous danger signals and trigger IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 activation which in turn shape Th2 responses. Honey bee venom (BV<\/jats:styled-content>) allergies are very common; however, the local inflammatory cascade leading to the initiation of allergic sensitization is poorly understood. In this study, the local inflammatory cascades in skin after exposure to BV<\/jats:styled-content> were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The mechanisms of inflammasome activation in human skin and in cultured keratinocytes upon BV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure were analyzed by ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>, Western blot, flow cytometry, siRNA<\/jats:styled-content> techniques, and immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In an ex vivo<\/jats:italic> bee sting model, BV<\/jats:styled-content> induced IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 release suggesting the activation of inflammasomes. Indeed, in cultured keratinocytes, the BV<\/jats:styled-content> component melittin triggered IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 release via the AIM<\/jats:styled-content>2 inflammasome. AIM<\/jats:styled-content>2 is a cytosolic DNA<\/jats:styled-content> receptor, and mitochondrial as well as genomic DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in the cytosol of melittin\u2010treated keratinocytes as triggers of inflammasome activation. As a mechanism, melittin mediated destruction of mitochondrial membranes leading to the leakage of mitochondrial DNA<\/jats:styled-content> into the cytosolic compartment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>These data suggest that upon BV<\/jats:styled-content> exposure, keratinocytes are involved in an innate immune response by the activation of the AIM<\/jats:styled-content>2 inflammasome and subsequent IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 release triggered by endogenous DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. As IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 are involved in Th2\u2010 and IgE\u2010mediated immune reactions, these results could add to the understanding of the role of the tissue microenvironment to subsequent allergic responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,13]],"date-time":"2012-09-13T11:57:12Z","timestamp":1347537432000},"page":"1400-1407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Honey bee (Apis mellifera<\/i>) venom induces AIM<\/scp>2 inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Dombrowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Peric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ruzicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University Munich 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