{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:33:47Z","timestamp":1789774427441,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>) is a superantigen known to be a modulator of chronic airway inflammation in mice and humans, yet little is known about the mechanisms that regulate its interaction with the innate immune system. We investigated this mechanism in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content> (ovalbumin) in the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superantigen\u2010induced allergic inflammation was studied in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101R knockout (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KO<\/jats:styled-content>) mice exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to analyze the inflammatory cell profile in airways and lymph nodes. Production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 in lymph nodes was assessed by Luminex technology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In wild\u2010type mice, endonasal instillation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content> induced a pulmonary inflammation, characterized by an increase in the number of eosinophils, T cells, and dendritic cells and in the production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h2 cytokines and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R KO<\/jats:styled-content> mice exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>, attraction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cells and production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h2 cytokines were reduced. However, knocking out <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> did not affect any of the features of allergic airway inflammation, such as bronchial eosinophilia, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IgE production and goblet cell metaplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide new insights into the mechanisms of airways allergy development in the presence of bacterial superantigen. The asthma features induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>, such as bronchial eosinophilia, goblet cell proliferation, production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific IgE and increase in inflammatory dendritic cells, are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> independent. Yet, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content> signaling is crucial for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 cell accumulation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>h2 cytokine production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T11:08:57Z","timestamp":1359112137000},"page":"446-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The adjuvant\u2010like activity of <scp>s<\/scp>taphylococcal enterotoxin <scp>B<\/scp> in a murine asthma model is independent of <scp>IL<\/scp>\u20101<scp>R<\/scp> signaling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Krysko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Plantinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology Department of Respiratory Diseases Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Holtappels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Imiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vandenabeele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit Department for Molecular Biomedical Research VIB Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Joos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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