{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:15:56Z","timestamp":1780564556251,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to ambient air pollution and bronchiolitis are risk factors for asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on the development of asthma in children with past episodes of bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective 2\u2010year follow\u2010up survey consisting of parental responses to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nternational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tudy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sthma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>llergies in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildhood (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content>) questionnaire, and allergy evaluations were conducted in 1743 children with a mean age of 6.8\u00a0years. Recent 5\u2010year exposure to air pollution was estimated using a geographic information system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher exposure to ozone was associated with airway hyper\u2010responsiveness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>20<\/jats:sub>\u00a0\u2264\u00a016\u00a0mg\/ml) at enrollment (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]\u00a0=\u00a01.60, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [confidence interval]\u00a0=\u00a01.13\u20132.27) and with new episodes of wheezing during the 2\u2010year period (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.92, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.96\u20133.83). Past episodes of bronchiolitis were associated with both current wheezing and physician\u2010diagnosed asthma. When the two factors were combined, the prevalence of bronchial hyper\u2010reactivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.96, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.41\u20136.24) and new wheezing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.17, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.89\u201319.66) as well as current wheezing and physician\u2010diagnosed asthma was even greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.05 for all). In children with both risk factors, lung function was significantly decreased, with atopic children being particularly vulnerable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children, the interaction between air pollution and past episodes of bronchiolitis resulted in a greater prevalence of asthma and pointed to an association with bronchial hyper\u2010reactivity and decreased lung function. These results suggest mechanisms underlying the development of asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T11:08:58Z","timestamp":1359112138000},"page":"517-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Air pollution interacts with past episodes of bronchiolitis in the development of asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"B. J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Korea Institute of Radiologic &amp; Medical Science Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. H.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Asan Medical Center College of Medicine University of Ulsan Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Asan Medical Center College of Medicine University of Ulsan Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. B.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Inje University Sangge Paik Hospital Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine Hallym University Bucheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Presbyterian Medical Center Jeonju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Asan Medical Center College of Medicine University of Ulsan Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational &amp; Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital, Incheon Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational &amp; Environmental Medicine Inha University Hospital, Incheon Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sakong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Yeungnam University Daegu Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine Jeju National University Jeju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational &amp; Environmental Medicine Chosun University Hospital Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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