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However, little is known about an interaction between an early\u2010life contact to microbial compounds leading to asthma protection in the offspring and a co\u2010exposure to allergy\u2010promoting pollutants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/c mice were repeatedly exposed to aerosolized endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>). The offspring was further exposed to aerosolized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> before allergen sensitization with ovalbumin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content>). Some of the mice were co\u2010exposed to mycotoxins or diesel exhaust particles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content>) during pregnancy. The 6\u2010week\u2010old offspring was immunized with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OVA<\/jats:styled-content> and analyzed in a murine asthma model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the offspring of na\u00efve mothers developed an asthma\u2010like phenotype, the offspring of mice perinatally exposed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly protected. Co\u2010exposure of mice to mycotoxins or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEP<\/jats:styled-content> during pregnancy inhibited the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced protection leading to the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperactivity, and increased antigen\u2010specific IgE levels in the offspring. Furthermore, the asthma\u2010preventive effect of perinatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> exposure was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010gamma dependent. Additionally, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010gamma promoter of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010exposed offspring revealed a significant protection against loss of histone 4 acetylation, which was abolished after prenatal co\u2010exposure to pollutants. Prenatal treatment of mice with the antioxidant N\u2010acetylcysteine reversed the pollutant\u2010induced increased asthma risk in the offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that exposure to pollutants during pregnancy may cause the development of allergic asthma in the offspring by inhibiting the endotoxin\u2010induced perinatal asthma protection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,15]],"date-time":"2013-02-15T10:29:20Z","timestamp":1360924160000},"page":"481-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inhibition of endotoxin\u2010induced perinatal asthma protection by pollutants in an experimental mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Reiprich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Immunology UFZ \u2013 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig\u2010Halle Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Leipzig University Medical Center Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rudzok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Immunology UFZ \u2013 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig\u2010Halle Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Sch\u00fctze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Immunology UFZ \u2013 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig\u2010Halle Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology Leipzig University Medical Center Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"LIFE \u2010 Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases Leipzig University Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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