{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:52:52Z","timestamp":1772837572096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prediction of asthma in young children with respiratory symptoms is hampered by the lack of objective measures applicable in clinical routine. In this prospective study in a preschool children cohort, we assessed whether the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>), a biomarker of airway inflammation, is associated with asthma at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>g<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content> and eosinophils were measured in the blood, and Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> was measured offline in 391 children aged 3\u201347\u00a0months with lower airway symptoms. We developed an asthma predictive index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content>) including high Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> as major criterion. At follow\u2010up, primary outcome was physician\u2010diagnosed asthma based on standardized interviews in those children reaching school age (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0166).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly elevated in those children with later asthma (68\/166) as compared to children not developing asthma. Median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>) Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> was 10.5 (6.6\u201317.2) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 7.4 (5.3\u201310.3) ppb. Per 5\u00a0ppb Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> increase, the odds ratio (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) for asthma increased by 2.44 (1.61\u20133.70) without changing when adjusting for confounders. Using the new <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content>, children scored at risk had 58.0% probability for later asthma, whereas the negative predictive value was 78.2%, which was comparable to the classical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort of high\u2010risk preschool children, elevated Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> is associated with increased risk for school\u2010age asthma. The new <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content> including Fe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> identifies children at risk of later asthma comparably to the classical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">API<\/jats:styled-content>, but does not require blood sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T05:06:58Z","timestamp":1361250418000},"page":"531-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Exhaled nitric oxide in symptomatic children at preschool age predicts later asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine University Children's Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine University Children\u2032s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Inci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine University Children's Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Knauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine University Children\u2032s Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Latzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine University Children's Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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