{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:14:36Z","timestamp":1791105276377,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]],"date-time":"2013-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on rhinitis epidemiology in preschool children is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate, in children with 3\u20135\u00a0years of age, current rhinitis prevalence, to describe rhinitis symptoms and associated sociodemographic characteristics, and to report allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARIA<\/jats:styled-content>) classification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, nationwide, population\u2010based study including children aged 3\u20135\u00a0years. A multistep selection strategy was used to obtain a representative sample. Data were collected at kindergartens and parish centers by face\u2010to\u2010face interview to caregivers, using an adapted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire. \u2018Current rhinitis\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>) was defined as the presence of \u22651 rhinitis symptom (repeated sneezing and\/or itchy nose, blocked nose for &gt;1\u00a0h, or runny nose without having a cold\/flu) in the last year. Rhinitis lasting \u22654\u00a0days\/week and \u22654 consecutive weeks was classified as persistent. Moderate\u2013severe disease interfered \u2018a moderate amount\u2019 or \u2018a lot\u2019 in daily activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five thousand and eighteen children were included. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence was 43.4% [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (42.0\u201344.8%); <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02179] and that of physician\u2010diagnosed rhinitis was 11.7% [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (10.8\u201312.6%); <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0588]. Of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>, 67% reported blocked nose, 48% rhinorrhea, and 46% sneezing\/itchy nose. Considering <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARIA<\/jats:styled-content> classification, 30% of the population had mild intermittent, 3% mild persistent, 7% moderate\u2013severe intermittent, and 3% moderate\u2013severe persistent rhinitis. Children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content> had more current wheezing, physician\u2010diagnosed asthma, self\u2010reported food allergy, and family history of allergic disease. These characteristics were also associated with persistent and moderate\u2013severe rhinitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first nationwide population\u2010based study reporting rhinitis prevalence and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARIA<\/jats:styled-content> classification in preschool children. In this age\u2010group, rhinitis is frequent and underdiagnosed. About 25% children with rhinitis presented moderate\u2013severe disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]],"date-time":"2013-09-21T12:38:36Z","timestamp":1379767116000},"page":"1278-1288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in preschool children in <scp>P<\/scp>ortugal: a nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Morais\u2010Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department Hospital CUF\u2010Descobertas Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica (SPAIC) Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department Hospital CUF\u2010Descobertas Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Centro Hospitalar S. Jo\u00e3o EPE Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergy Department Hospital CUF\u2010Descobertas Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Centro Hospitalar S. Jo\u00e3o EPE Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Health Information and Decision Sciences Department Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Branco\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica (SPAIC) Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte Immunoallergy Department Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica (SPAIC) Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Imunoalergologia do Algarve Portim\u00e3o Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases University Hospital and INSERM Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Cl\u00ednica (SPAIC) Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Centro Hospitalar S. Jo\u00e3o EPE Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Health Information and Decision Sciences Department Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital\u2010CUF Porto and Instituto CUF\u2010Diagn\u00f3stico e Tratamento Porto"},{"name":"CINTESIS \u2013 Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.6.895","article-title":"Epidemiology of physician\u2010diagnosed allergic rhinitis in childhood","volume":"94","author":"Wright AL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00013904"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"WMC003408","article-title":"Systematic review protocol to define classical IgE\u2010associated diseases from birth to adolescence: the MeDALL study","volume":"3","author":"Pinart M","year":"2012","journal-title":"WebmedCentral ALLERGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Censos 2001: Resultados definitivos. XIV Recenseamento geral da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"OECD.Education at a Glance 2012: OECD Indicators. In.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1787\/eag-2012-en: OECD Publishing; 2012. pp. 338\u2013347."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00147.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2008.01884.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00157807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120701628669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00116109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2010.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02240.x"}],"container-title":["Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fall.12221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.12221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T03:08:35Z","timestamp":1696388915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.12221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/all.12221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.12221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-4538","type":"print"},{"value":"1398-9995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]]}}}