{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T23:46:33Z","timestamp":1783813593693,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Southeast Asian populations are increasingly affected by allergic airway diseases. Etiology and specific causes, however, are still unknown. The aim of this study is therefore to identify allergens and risk factors for the high prevalence of allergic airway disease in the tropical urban environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and allergic dermatitis were recorded in two independent cohorts of 576 and 7373 ethnic Chinese individuals living in Singapore. Reactivity against common allergens was determined by skin prick tests (SPT); specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) titers against 12 common allergens, as well as total serum IgE (tIgE), were measured in the smaller cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoglobulin E sensitization was almost exclusively directed against house dust mite (HDM) allergens. More than 80% of individuals were HDM\u2010sIgE positive. Of these, less than 30% also had sIgE for other allergens, and similarly, few of the HDM\u2010sIgE\u2010negative individuals reacted to other allergens. Titers for HDM\u2010sIgE were 8\u201330 times higher than other non\u2010HDM allergen titers and correlated directly with total serum tIgE levels. Migrants from nontropical countries typically arrived with low or undetectable HDM\u2010sIgE but developed substantial titers in a time\u2010dependent fashion. Importantly, prolonged stay in Singapore also resulted in the manifestation of AR and asthma symptoms, contributing to some of the highest national prevalence rates worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a tropical urban environment, the allergic response is dominated by a single allergen class. The mono\u2010specific IgE sensitization against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDM<\/jats:styled-content> translates into increased prevalence of allergic airway diseases, which now impact a large proportion of the population in Singapore.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T05:19:28Z","timestamp":1390540768000},"page":"501-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Allergic airway diseases in a tropical urban environment are driven by dominant mono\u2010specific sensitization against house dust mites"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"A. K.","family":"Andiappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"Puan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Nardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Poidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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