{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:18:05Z","timestamp":1783041485161,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Chronic rhinosinusitis (\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is an inflammatory process in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and bacteria have been considered to be a cause. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that bacteria\u2010derived extracellular vesicles (\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) appear to be an important causative agent of inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diversity of nasal microbiota and their secreted\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n in patients with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Nasal lavage (\n NAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) fluid samples were obtained from five patients with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n with polyposis, three patients with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n without polyposis, and three non\u2010\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n controls. After preparation of bacteria and\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n from samples using differential centrifugation, genomic DNA was extracted and 16S\u2010\n rDNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n amplicons were subjected to high\u2010throughput pyrosequencing on a Roche 454 GS\u2010FLX platform.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Metagenomics showed that bacteria composition was positively correlated with\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n composition. Samples from patients with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n had greater bacterial abundance and lower diversity, both from bacteria and the\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n portion of samples, compared with non\u2010\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n samples. At each phylogenetic level, Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria increased in the\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group at the phylum level. At the genus level,\n Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. decreased in the\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group, while\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. increased from both bacteria and\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Moreover,\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n and its secreting\n EV<\/jats:styled-content>\n compositions were higher in samples from\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n with polyps compared with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n without polyps.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These results suggest that patients with\n CRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n have altered nasal microbiota and decreased diversity in bacterial compositions as well as increased\n S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n abundance in those patients with polyps.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]],"date-time":"2014-02-24T13:19:50Z","timestamp":1393247990000},"page":"517-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Decreased diversity of nasal microbiota and their secreted extracellular vesicles in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis based on a metagenomic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"E.\u2010B.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010W.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.\u2010K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010R.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. S.","family":"Gho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010K.","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Dankook University Cheonan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.\u2010K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012","volume":"23","author":"Fokkens WJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rhinol 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