{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:54:45Z","timestamp":1793325285522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis, a known risk factor for asthma onset, often accompanies mouth breathing. Mouth breathing may bypass the protective function of the nose and is anecdotally considered to increase asthma morbidity. However, there is no epidemiological evidence that mouth breathing is independently associated with asthma morbidity and sensitization to allergens. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between mouth breathing and asthma morbidity and allergic\/eosinophilic inflammation, while considering the effect of allergic rhinitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This community\u2010based cohort study, the Nagahama Study, contained a self\u2010reporting questionnaire on mouth breathing and medical history, blood tests, and pulmonary function testing. We enrolled 9804 general citizens of Nagahama City in the Shiga Prefecture, Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mouth breathing was reported by 17% of the population and was independently associated with asthma morbidity. The odds ratio for asthma morbidity was 1.85 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.27\u20132.62) and 2.20 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.72\u20132.80) in subjects with mouth breathing alone and allergic rhinitis alone, which additively increased to 4.09 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 3.01\u20135.52) when mouth breathing and allergic rhinitis coexisted. Mouth breathing in nonasthmatics was a risk for house dust mite sensitization, higher blood eosinophil counts, and lower pulmonary function after adjusting for allergic rhinitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mouth breathing may increase asthma morbidity, potentially through increased sensitization to inhaled allergens, which highlights the risk of mouth\u2010bypass breathing in the \u2018one airway, one disease\u2019 concept. The risk of mouth breathing should be well recognized in subjects with allergic rhinitis and in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T22:15:45Z","timestamp":1458339345000},"page":"1031-1036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mouth breathing, another risk factor for asthma: the Nagahama Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Izuhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto 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