{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:06:23Z","timestamp":1791317183936,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,6]],"date-time":"2016-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001081","name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001247","name":"Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both systemic inflammation and sex hormones have been proposed as potential mediators of the obese\u2010asthma phenotype. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between sex hormones, oral contraceptive pill (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>) use, systemic inflammation and airway inflammation in adults with asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obese (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 39) and nonobese (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 42) females and obese (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24) and nonobese (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 25) males with asthma were recruited. Females were further categorized as reproductive\u2010aged (&lt;50 years old; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36) or older (&gt;50 years old; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 45). Thirteen (36.1%) reproductive\u2010aged females were using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content>. Participants had induced sputum cell counts measured and blood analysed for sex hormones and inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obese reproductive\u2010aged females had higher sputum %neutrophils than nonobese reproductive\u2010aged females (45.4 \u00b1 24.3% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 27.5 \u00b1 17.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016); however, there was no difference in sputum neutrophils in obese compared with nonobese males (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.620) or older females (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.087). Multiple linear regression analysis found testosterone and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content> use to be negative predictors of sputum %neutrophils, while C\u2010reactive protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 were positive predictors of sputum %neutrophils. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and age were not significant predictors in the multivariate model. Reproductive\u2010aged females using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content> had significantly lower sputum %neutrophils than those not using the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content> (23.2 \u00b1 12.6% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 42.1 \u00b1 23.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that sex hormones and systemic inflammation may be mediating the obese\u2010asthma phenotype. The observation that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCP<\/jats:styled-content> use was associated with lower sputum %neutrophils in reproductive\u2010aged females warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T13:18:40Z","timestamp":1458739120000},"page":"1037-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Sex hormones and systemic inflammation are modulators of the obese\u2010asthma phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"H. 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L.","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Upham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung and Allergy Research Centre School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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