{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:10:43Z","timestamp":1790507443418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,22]],"date-time":"2017-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009090","name":"SEAIC Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the socioeconomic importance of allergic rhinitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>), very few prospective studies have been performed under conditions of clinical practice and with a sufficiently long observation period outside the clinical trial scenario. We prospectively estimated the direct and indirect costs of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> in patients attending specialized clinics in Spain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited at random from allergy outpatient clinics in 101 health centers throughout Spain over 12 months. We performed a multicenter, observational, prospective study under conditions of clinical practice. We analyzed direct costs from a funder perspective (healthcare costs) and from a societal perspective (healthcare and non\u2013healthcare costs). Indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism [productivity lost in the workplace]) were also calculated. The cost of treating conjunctivitis was evaluated alongside that of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total mean cost of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> per patient\u2010year (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 498) was \u20ac2326.70 (direct, \u20ac553.80; indirect, \u20ac1772.90). Direct costs were significantly higher in women (\u20ac600.34 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> \u20ac484.46, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.02). Total costs for intermittent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly lower than for persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> (\u20ac1484.98 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> \u20ac2655.86, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Total indirect costs reached \u20ac1772.90 (presenteeism, \u20ac1682.71; absenteeism, \u20ac90.19). The direct costs of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with intermittent asthma (\u20ac507.35) were lower than in patients with mild\u2010persistent asthma (\u20ac719.07) and moderate\u2010persistent asthma (\u20ac798.71) (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total cost of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> for society is considerable. Greater frequency of symptoms and more severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> are associated with higher costs. Indirect costs are almost threefold direct costs, especially in presenteeism. A reduction in presenteeism would generate considerable savings for society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T16:37:30Z","timestamp":1480091850000},"page":"959-966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Estimate of the total costs of allergic rhinitis in specialized care based on real\u2010world data: the <scp>FERIN<\/scp> Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Col\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital Cl\u00ednico\u2010Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Arag\u00f3n Zaragoza Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Brosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oblikue Consulting Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology University Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla Santander Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Montoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova Facultad de Medicina Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC Intercentros Alergolog\u00eda de Sevilla Hospital El Tomillar Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Dordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital Municipal Badalona Serveis Assistencials Badalona Spain"},{"name":"Sant Pere Claver Fundaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology University Hospital of Salamanca Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias de Salamanca IBSAL Salamanca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital El Bierzo Ponferrada Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D. P.","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas IIS Princesa Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lluch\u2010Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital La Paz Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Matheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Hospital Universitario de Canarias Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rond\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit IBIMA\u2010Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga UMA Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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