{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T21:29:21Z","timestamp":1770413361373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP454856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP454856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been hypothesized that <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> in breast milk may assist immune and lung development. There are very limited data on possible long\u2010term effects on allergic disease and lung function. The aim was to investigate associations of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22126 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in colostrum and breast milk with allergic disease and lung function at ages 12 and 18 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in 194 colostrum samples and in 118 three\u2010month expressed breast milk samples from mothers of children enrolled in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACS<\/jats:styled-content>) Study, a high\u2010risk birth cohort study. Associations with allergic diseases, skin prick tests and lung function assessed at 12 and 18 years were estimated using multivariable regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 but not <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22126 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>s in colostrum were associated with a trend towards increased odds of allergic diseases, with strong associations observed for allergic rhinitis at 12 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 5.69[95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.83,17.60] per weight%) and 18 years (4.43[1.46,13.39]) and eczema at 18 years (9.89[1.44, 68.49]). Higher levels of colostrum <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>s were associated with reduced sensitization (3.37[1.18, 9.6]), mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEV<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (\u2212166 ml [\u2212332, \u22121]) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEV<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FVC<\/jats:styled-content> ratio (\u22124.6%, [\u22128.1, \u22121.1]) at 12 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of colostrum <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>s were associated with increased risks of allergic rhinitis and eczema up to 18 years, and sensitization and reduced lung function at 12 years. As residual confounding may have caused these associations, they should be replicated, but these results could indicate that strategies that increase maternal <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u22123 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> intake may not aid in allergic disease prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,27]],"date-time":"2016-12-27T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1482866052000},"page":"1193-1201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids: associations with adolescent allergic disease and lung function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"N. T.","family":"Waidyatillake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Stoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Redland Hospital and Wynnum Health Service Metro South Health Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Thien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Eastern Health Box Hill Hospital Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Allergy Royal Childrens Hospital Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Erbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Svanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for International Health University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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