{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:50:00Z","timestamp":1790794200569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to induced sputum cell count, four different asthma phenotypes have been recognized (eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed and paucigranulocytic). The aim of this study was to detect functional and inflammatory characteristics of patients with paucigranulocytic asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 240 asthmatic patients were categorized into the four phenotypes according to cell counts in induced sputum. All patients underwent pulmonary function tests, and measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The levels of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 and eosinophilic cationic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECP<\/jats:styled-content>) were also measured in sputum supernatant. Treatment, asthma control and the presence of severe refractory asthma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content>) were also recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were categorized into the four phenotypes as follows: eosinophilic (40%), mixed (6.7%), neutrophilic (5.4%) and paucigranulocytic (47.9%). Although asthma control test did not differ between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.288), patients with paucigranulocytic asthma had better lung function (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEV<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% pred) [median (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>): 71.5 (59.0\u201088.75) vs 69.0 (59.0\u201077.6) vs 68.0 (60.0\u201085.5) vs 80.5 (69.7\u201095.0),<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.009] for eosinophilic, mixed, neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic asthma, respectively,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.009).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRA<\/jats:styled-content>occurred more frequently in the eosinophilic and mixed phenotype (41.6% and 43.7%, respectively) and less frequently in the neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic phenotype (25% and 21.7%, respectively,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.01). FeNO,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECP<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 were all low in the paucigranulocytic, whereas as expected FeNO and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECP<\/jats:styled-content>were higher in eosinophilic and mixed asthma, while<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 was higher in patients with neutrophilic and mixed asthma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001 for all comparisons). Interestingly, 14.8% of patients with paucigranulocytic asthma had poor asthma control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paucigranulocytic asthma most likely represents a \u201cbenign\u201d asthma phenotype, related to a good response to treatment, rather than a \u201ctrue\u201d phenotype of asthma. However, paucigranulocytic patients that remain not well controlled despite optimal treatment represent an asthmatic population that requires further study for potential novel targeted interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T18:37:38Z","timestamp":1492108658000},"page":"1761-1767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Clinical, functional and inflammatory characteristics in patients with paucigranulocytic stable asthma: Comparison with different sputum phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Ntontsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Respiratory Medicine Department Attikon Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Loukides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Respiratory Medicine Department Attikon Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Respiratory Medicine Department Sotiria Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kostikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Respiratory Medicine Department Attikon Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Papatheodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit Athens Army General Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Papathanassiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Respiratory Medicine Department Attikon Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Hillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department Evangelismos Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Koulouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Respiratory Medicine Department Sotiria Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Papiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Respiratory Medicine Department Attikon Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9708-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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