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Allergen\u2010specific immunotherapy (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is the only available cause\u2010oriented therapy so far.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    reduces symptoms, but has also a disease\u2010modifying effect. Disadvantages are a long\u2010lasting procedure, and in a few cases potential systemic adverse reactions. Encapsulation of allergens or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    vaccines into nanostructures may provide advantages compared to the conventional\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    with noncapsulated allergen extracts: The protein\/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    molecule can be protected from degradation, higher local concentrations and targeted delivery to the site of action appear possible, and most importantly, recognition of encapsulated allergen by the immune system, especially by IgE antibodies, is prevented.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    with nanoparticles (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s) may offer a safer and potentially more efficient way of treatment for allergic diseases. In this review, we summarize the use of biodegradable\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s consisting of synthetic or natural polymers, liposomes, and virus\u2010like particles as well as nonbiodegradable\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s like dendrimers, and carbon\u2010 or metal\u2010based\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . More or less successful applications of these\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    s in prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccination approaches in rodents or other animals as well as first human clinical trials are discussed in detail.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T04:06:44Z","timestamp":1493957204000},"page":"1461-1474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Recent advances in the use of nanoparticles for allergen\u2010specific immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Pohlit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg\u2010University Mainz Mainz 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