{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:55:10Z","timestamp":1790661310411,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characterizing blood profile of alopecia areata (AA) is important not only for treatment advancements, but also for possibly identifying peripheral biomarkers that will eliminate the need for scalp biopsies. We aimed to compare frequencies of skin homing (CLA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) vs systemic (CLA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) \u201cpolar\u201d CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and activated T\u2010cell subsets in AA vs atopic dermatitis (AD) and control blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flow cytometry was used to measure IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201013, IL\u20109, IL\u201017, and IL\u201022 cytokines in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Inducible co\u2010stimulator molecule (ICOS) and HLA\u2010DR were used to define mid\u2010 and long\u2010term T\u2010cell activation. We compared peripheral blood from 32 moderate\u2010to\u2010severe AA adults with 43 moderate\u2010to\u2010severe AD patients and 30 age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AA patients had increased CLA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CLA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> Th2 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.007), CLA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tc2 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.04), and CLA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Th22 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05) frequencies than controls. Except of CLA<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> Tc1 cells (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.03), IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels were mostly similar between AA, AD, and controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.1). ICOS and HLA\u2010DR activation were significantly higher in AA than controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05). T regulatory cells were significantly decreased in AA patients than controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01) and were correlated with activated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and with multiple cytokine subsets (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05). While Th2 and Tc2 clustered with disease severity, IFN\u2010\u03b3 producing cells were linked with AA duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia areata is accompanied by Th2\/Tc2 activation in skin\u2010homing and systemic subsets, correlating with disease severity, while IFN\u2010\u03b3 is linked to disease chronicity. These data hint for a possible role of diverse T\u2010cells subsets in disease pathogenesis and emphasize the systemic nature of AA supporting the need for systemic therapeutic strategies in severe patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T14:42:39Z","timestamp":1509374559000},"page":"713-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Alopecia areata is characterized by expansion of circulating Th2\/Tc2\/Th22, within the skin\u2010homing and systemic T\u2010cell populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1157-5227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Czarnowicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Y.","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010C.","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. W.","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"Nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"},{"name":"SUNY Downstate College of Medicine Brooklyn NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"Kimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Taliercio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9363-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Guttman\u2010Yassky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2011.01413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.3324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6616(02)00042-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2005.01817.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1539-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/503587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550252948077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35051113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1999.0343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49.26","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.184.Supp.49.26","article-title":"CCR4 improves phenotypic identification of T\u2010regulatory cells; 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