{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:11:02Z","timestamp":1776780662409,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane ja Aatos Erkon S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006706","name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010114","name":"Yrj\u00f6 Jahnssonin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010114","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher all\u2010cause mortality in asthmatics has been shown previously. Polysensitization is associated with higher morbidity among asthmatic children, and allergic rhinitis and\/or allergic conjunctivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content>) are associated with higher morbidity in adult asthmatics. Little is known about the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> and other factors on mortality among adult asthmatics. The aim was to study mortality and its risk factors in adults with and without asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomly selected 1648 asthmatics with age over 30 years from national registers and matched the asthma sample with one or two controls. Baseline information was obtained by a questionnaire in 1997, and the study population was linked with the death certificate information of Statistics Finland from 1997 to 2013. Overall and cause\u2010specific survival between the groups was compared in several adjusted models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a mean follow\u2010up period of 15.6 years, 221 deaths among 1052 asthma patients and 335 deaths among 1889 nonasthmatics were observed. Cardiovascular diseases were the main cause of death in both groups. Asthma was associated with increased all\u2010cause mortality (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.25; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.05\u20101.49, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .011) as well as mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 12.0, 4.18\u201034.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and malignant neoplasms of respiratory organs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.33, 1.25\u20104.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .008). Among asthmatics, smoking was associated with increased all\u2010cause mortality, and self\u2010reported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with decreased mortality. Among nonasthmatics, smoking, and obesity were associated with increased all\u2010cause mortality, whereas female gender showed an association with a decreased risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased mortality among adult asthmatics was largely explained by the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, malignant respiratory tract neoplasms, and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking cessation is important for reduction in total mortality in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic adults. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AC<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with decreased mortality only in asthmatics. Thus, studies in other populations of larger size are needed to explore further the nature of this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T19:45:41Z","timestamp":1519242341000},"page":"1479-1488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Higher mortality of adults with asthma: A 15\u2010year follow\u2010up of a population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"R. E.","family":"Lemmetyinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haartman Institute Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. V.","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"But","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. L. O.","family":"Renkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haartman Institute Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"HUSLAB Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Pekkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Living Environment and Health Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. K.","family":"Toppila\u2010Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haartman Institute Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Skin and Allergy Hospital Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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