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This symptom has been somewhat overlooked, and its relationship to inflammatory cytokines, tissue compression, neuronal loss, and neurogenesis is still unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to elucidate potential mechanisms leading to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content> in humans, we have established a type 2\/T helper type 2 cell (Th2)\u2010mediated allergic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content> mouse model, based on house dust mite (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDM<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> enterotoxin B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content>) sensitization. The inflammatory status of the olfactory epithelium (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OE<\/jats:styled-content>) was assessed using histology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics. The sense of smell was evaluated by studying olfactory behavior and recording electro\u2010olfactograms (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOG<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 22\u00a0weeks, a typical type 2\/Th2\u2010mediated inflammatory profile was obtained, as demonstrated by increased interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201013 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OE<\/jats:styled-content>. The number of mast cells and eosinophils was increased, and infiltration of these cells into the olfactory mucosa was also observed. In parallel, transcriptomic and histology analyses indicated a decreased number of immature olfactory neurons, possibly due to decreased renewal. However, the number of mature sensory neurons was not affected and neither the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EOG<\/jats:styled-content> nor olfactory behavior was impaired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our mouse model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content> displayed an allergic response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDM<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content> administration, including the type 2\/Th2 inflammatory profile characteristic of human eosinophilic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>w<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>. Although the sense of smell did not appear to be altered in these conditions, the data reveal the influence of chronic inflammation on olfactory neurogenesis, suggesting that factors unique to humans may be involved in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>w<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated anosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T08:41:32Z","timestamp":1531212092000},"page":"549-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Type 2\/Th2\u2010driven inflammation impairs olfactory sensory neurogenesis in mouse chronic rhinosinusitis model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Rouyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Classe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Gorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Dominique","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Le\u2010Guern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Fourgous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Remaury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Ponsolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Fran\u00e7on","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Sciences Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Rocheteau\u2010Beaujouan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"In Vivo Research Center Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margerie","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"In Vivo Research Center Sanofi Chilly\u2010Mazarin France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u2010Bdaoui","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology &amp; 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