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Increased appreciation of molecular networks underlying inflammatory airway disease needs to be translated into new therapies for distinct phenotypes not controlled by current treatment regimens. On the other hand, development of new safe and effective therapies for such respiratory diseases is an arduous and expensive process. Antibody\u2010based (biological) therapies are successful in treating certain respiratory conditions not controlled by standard therapies such as severe allergic and refractory eosinophilic severe asthma, while in other inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>, biologicals are having a more limited impact. Small molecule drug (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based therapies represent an active field in pharmaceutical research and development. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>s expand biologicals\u2019 therapeutic targets by reaching the intracellular compartment by delivery as either an oral or topically based formulation, offering both convenience and lower costs. Aim of this review was to compare and contrast the distinct pharmacological properties and clinical applications of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMD<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2010 and antibody\u2010based treatment strategies, their limitations and challenges, in order to highlight how they should be integrated for their optimal utilization and to fill the critical gaps in current treatment for these chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T18:51:07Z","timestamp":1540407067000},"page":"432-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Comparing biologicals and small molecule drug therapies for chronic respiratory diseases: An <scp>EAACI<\/scp> Taskforce on Immunopharmacology position paper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5005-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Roth\u2010Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2101-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian M.","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cell Biology Group National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Benito\u2010Villalvilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna and University Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-8099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif","family":"Bjermer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy Research Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence center Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-327X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Caramori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences Dentistry, Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF) University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0698-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Cari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Section\u00a0of Pharmacology University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kian\u00a0Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London Royal Brompton &amp; Harefield NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Diamant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibon","family":"Eguiluz\u2010Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit and Research Laboratory Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga and Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward\u00a0F.","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3897-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios G. 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