{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T17:12:59Z","timestamp":1787073179781,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mast cells are typically linked to immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review looks beyond this narrow role, focusing on how these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation. Plasticity of mast cell genes has come at a price. Somatic activating mutations in the mast cell growth factor <jats:italic>KIT<\/jats:italic> gene cause cutaneous mastocytosis in young children and systemic mastocytosis with a more guarded prognosis in adults who may also harbor other gene mutations with oncogenic potential as they age. Allelic <jats:italic>TPSAB1<\/jats:italic> gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell tryptase is possibly one of the commonest autosomal dominantly inherited multi\u2010system diseases affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, circulation and musculoskeletal system. Mast cells are also establishing a new\u2010found importance in severe asthma, and in remodeling of blood vessels in cancer and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that mast cells sense changes in oxygen tension, particularly in neonates, and that subsequent degranulation may contribute to common lung, eye, and brain diseases of prematurity classically associated with hypoxic insults. One hundred and forty years since Paul Ehrlich's initial description of \u201cmastzellen,\u201d this review collates and highlights the complex and diverse roles that mast cells play in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,3]],"date-time":"2018-11-03T07:38:51Z","timestamp":1541230731000},"page":"53-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Mast cell disorders: From infancy to maturity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajia","family":"Bahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bulfone\u2010Paus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Arkwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2013-0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.07.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9533-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-012781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/37.10.2674273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503948102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-949OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29965-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201746951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.05.004"},{"issue":"120","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.021","article-title":"Chymase\u2010positive mast cells play a role in the vascular component of airway remodeling in asthma","volume":"120","author":"Zanini A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.6.1399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.849679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1409760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-016-0103-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2015.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0506-y"},{"issue":"1285","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Mast cell leukemia","volume":"121","author":"Georgin\u2010Lavialle S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2017.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00044-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11588890-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0582-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0525-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.790107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-009-0165-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1231488100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.7.791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-5860com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i3.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Different distribution of mast cells and macrophages in colonic mucosa of patients with collagenous colitis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"49","author":"Nishida Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750065933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005758108"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"CD007571","article-title":"Vedolizumab\u00a0for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis","volume":"8","author":"Bickston SJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","first-page":"CD002173","article-title":"Inhaled sodium cromoglycate for asthma in children","volume":"4","author":"van der Wouden JC","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","first-page":"CD003559","article-title":"Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children","volume":"1","author":"Normansell R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.117880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00947-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613125"},{"issue":"1742","key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","first-page":"e4","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of\u00a0chronic\u00a0spontaneous\u00a0urticaria: a\u00a0meta\u2010analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"137","author":"Zhao ZT","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Total IgE levels are linked to the response of chronic spontaneous urticaria patients to omalizumab","author":"Weller K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2013.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00327-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2014.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI89893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.3.361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-012-0754-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403208101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.952481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248412458975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.213157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.243758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.655423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.549691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0406OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00299.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)90008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ai.1994.v94.a56337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.135590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.38.072902.092831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2018"}],"container-title":["Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fall.13657","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.13657","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/all.13657","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.13657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T12:08:19Z","timestamp":1694693299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.13657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/all.13657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13657","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-4538","type":"print"},{"value":"1398-9995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}