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Horses suffer from pruritic skin lesions, caused by type\u2010I\/type\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> allergic reactions accompanied by prominent eosinophil infiltration into the skin. Interleukin\u20105 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105) is the key cytokine for eosinophils and we have previously shown that targeting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 by vaccination reduces disease symptoms in horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we analyzed the potential for long\u2010term therapy by assessing a second follow\u2010up year of the previously published study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vaccine consisted of equine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105) covalently linked to a cucumber mosaic virus\u2010like particle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLP<\/jats:styled-content>) containing a universal T cell epitope (Cu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<jats:sub>TT<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) using a semi\u2010crossover design to follow vaccinated horses during a second treatment season. Thirty Icelandic horses were immunized with 300 \u03bcg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105\u2010Cu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<jats:sub>TT<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> without adjuvant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The vaccine was well tolerated and did not reveal any safety concerns throughout the study. Upon vaccination, all horses developed reversible anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 auto\u2010antibody titers. The mean course of eosinophil levels was reduced compared to placebo treatment leading to significant reduction of clinical lesion scores. Horses in their second vaccination year showed a more pronounced improvement of disease symptoms when compared to first treatment year, most likely due to more stable antibody titers induced by a single booster injection. Hence, responses could be maintained over two seasons and the horses remained protected against disease symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Yearly vaccination against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 may be a long\u2010term solution for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBH<\/jats:styled-content> and other eosinophil\u2010mediated diseases in horses and other species including humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T09:43:31Z","timestamp":1541583811000},"page":"572-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Active vaccination against interleukin\u20105 as long\u2010term treatment for insect\u2010bite hypersensitivity in 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Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Birkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evax AG M\u00fcnchwilen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Thoms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Schlieren Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"B\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thurlandpraxis Niederuzwil Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thurlandpraxis Niederuzwil 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