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Since then, the heterogeneity of severe asthma has been explored and the importance of immunobiology has come sharply into focus with the identification of the key type\u20102 cytokine pathways driving eosinophilic inflammation. The development of molecules targeting these type\u20102 pathways has transformed severe asthma treatment, but necessitates robust clinical evaluation, biomarker profiling and assessment of comorbid factors to identify subjects most likely to benefit from these therapies. It has also become clear that targeting these pathways does not eradicate asthma symptoms and exacerbation risk; further work is needed to clarify underlying non\u2010type\u20102 mechanisms in severe asthma pathways and possible therapeutic targets. 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