{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:27:23Z","timestamp":1792189643715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX004299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX004299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epithelial cell\u2010derived danger signal mediators thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL\u201033 are consistently associated with adaptive Th2 immune responses in asthma. In addition, TSLP and IL\u201033 synergistically promoted group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation to induce innate allergic inflammation. However, the mechanism of this synergistic ILC2 activation is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>BALB\/c WT and TSLP receptor\u2010deficient (TSLPR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice were challenged intranasally with <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> extract (Alt\u2010Ext) or PBS for 4 consecutive days to evaluate innate airway allergic inflammation. WT mice pre\u2010administered with rTSLP or vehicle, TSLPR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice, and IL\u201033 receptor\u2010deficient (ST2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice were challenged intranasally with Alt\u2010Ext or vehicle once or twice to evaluate IL\u201033 release and TSLP expression in the lung. TSLPR and ST2 expression on lung ILC2 were measured by flow cytometry after treatment of rTSLP, rIL\u201033, rTSLP\u00a0+\u00a0rIL\u201033, or vehicle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor deficient mice had significantly decreased the number of lung ILC2 expressing IL\u20105 and IL\u201013 following Alt\u2010Ext\u2010challenge compared to WT mice. Further, eosinophilia, protein level of lung IL\u20104, IL\u20105, and IL\u201013, and airway mucus score were also significantly decreased in TSLPR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice compared to WT mice. Endogenous and exogenous TSLP increased Alt\u2010Ext\u2010induced IL\u201033 release into BALF, and ST2 deficiency decreased Alt\u2010Ext\u2010induced TSLP expression in the lung. Further, rTSLP and rIL\u201033 treatment reciprocally increased each other's receptor expression on lung ILC2 in vivo and in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL\u201033 signaling reciprocally enhanced each other's protein release and expression in the lung following Alt\u2010Ext\u2010challenge and each other's receptor expression on lung ILC2 to enhance ILC2 activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T04:46:08Z","timestamp":1579841168000},"page":"1606-1617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["TSLP and IL\u201033 reciprocally promote each other's lung protein expression and ILC2 receptor expression to enhance innate type\u20102 airway inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4379-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Toki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasia","family":"Goleniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4419-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weisong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Newcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 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