{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:48:12Z","timestamp":1788306492439,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010000010\u2013 Health, Comfort and"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE\u201001\u20100145\u2010FEDER\u2010000010\u2013 Health, Comfort and"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/145168\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/145168\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown promising results when distinguishing individuals with asthma. Currently, there are no biomarkers for uncontrolled asthma. Therefore, we aimed to assess, in a real\u2010life clinical setting, the ability of the exhaled VOC analysis, using an electronic nose (eNose), to identify individuals with uncontrolled asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted, and breath samples from 199 participants (130 females, aged 6\u201078, 66% with asthma) were analysed using an eNose. A multivariate unsupervised cluster analysis, using the resistance data from 32 sensors, could distinguish three clusters of VOC patterns in the training and testing groups. Comparisons between the clusters were performed using the one\u2010way ANOVA, Kruskal\u2010Wallis and chi\u2010squared tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the training set (n\u00a0=\u00a0121), three different clusters covering asthma, lung function, symptoms in the previous 4\u00a0weeks and age were identified. The pairwise comparisons showed significant differences with respect to chest tightness during exercise, dyspnoea and gender. These findings were confirmed in the testing set (n\u00a0=\u00a078) where the training model identified three clusters. The participants who reported fewer respiratory symptoms (dyspnoea and night\u2010time awakenings) were grouped into one cluster, while the others comprised participants who showed similar poor control over symptoms with the distribution of the individuals with asthma being significantly different between them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a clinical setting, the analysis of the exhaled VOC profiles using an eNose could be used as a fast and noninvasive complementary assessment tool for the detection of uncontrolled asthma symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T07:18:54Z","timestamp":1580368734000},"page":"1630-1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Human volatilome analysis using eNose to assess uncontrolled asthma in a clinical setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4959-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Farraia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2010Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2010Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Paci\u00eancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2010Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI) Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Castro Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Cl\u00ednica Departamento de Patologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Imunoalergologia Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S. 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