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This choice could depend on their relative pharmacoeconomic value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the cost\u2010effectiveness of AIT for grass pollen, administered as SCIT or SLIT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We created a Markovian Model, to evaluate, in a hypothetical cohort of adult patients suffering from moderate\u2010to\u2010severe rhino\u2010conjunctivitis with or without allergic asthma, the cost\u2010effectiveness of SLIT (tablets, Grazax<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Oralair<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) or SCIT (various currently available products, plus indirect nonmedical costs, such as travel and productivity costs) in addition to pharmacological therapy, assuming a 9\u2010year horizon to capture AIT long\u2010term effects. The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated assuming pharmacological therapy as the reference comparator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the base case, SCIT was slightly more expensive, but more effective than SLIT, being the most cost\u2010effective option (ICER for SCIT, \u20ac11\u00a0418; ICER for SLIT, \u20ac15\u00a0212). ICERs greater than \u20ac120\u00a0000 for both SCIT and SLIT were demonstrated in a scenario assuming that low treatment persistence rates, which are common in real\u2010life, lead to absence of long\u2010term AIT clinical benefit. Considering indirect nonmedical costs SLIT resulted more cost\u2010effective than SCIT (ICER for SCIT, \u20ac17\u00a0318; ICER for SLIT, \u20ac15\u00a0212).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In daily practice, AIT for grass pollens may be a cost\u2010effective option only in patients with low discontinuation rates. SCIT, which is less affected by this limitation than SLIT, seems the most cost\u2010effective AIT form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T07:18:55Z","timestamp":1582615135000},"page":"2319-2329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of grass pollen allergen immunotherapy in adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9728-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Di Bona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Bilancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ionic Department in Legal and Economic System of Mediterranean: Society, Environment, Culture University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Albanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Caiaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.2840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-015-0045-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2012.688904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60498-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2017.1419959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-016-0002-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-017-0058-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.21040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.12.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-015-0057-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.0128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"Agenzia Italiana Del Farmaco (Grazax).http:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/gu\/2016\/08\/17\/191\/so\/33\/sg\/pdf. 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